Lesson 7 - Acids and Bases

Question 1

Acid is made up of ____________ ions.

Answer 1

hydrogen

Question 2

Bases and acids are __________.

Answer 2

opposites

Question 3

Bases are made up of __________ ions, which are _________ charged molecules of hydrogen and oxygen.

Answer 3

hydrogen; positively

Question 4

A hydroxide ion has one ____________ atom and one ___________ atom.

Answer 4

oxygen; hydrogen

Question 5

A(n) _________ is a special measuring system that identifies how acidic a substance is.

Answer 5

pH scale

Question 6

A(n) ___________ pH reading means the substance contains a low number of hydrogen ions, which means it is a(n) __________.

Answer 6

high; base

Question 7

Red litmus paper turns blue when it comes into contact with a(n) ____________. Blue litmus paper turns red when a(n) ___________ touches it.

Answer 7

base; acid

Question 8

vinegar

Answer 8

acid

Question 9

water

Answer 9

neutral

Question 10

stomach fluid

Answer 10

acid

Question 11

ammonia

Answer 11

base

Question 12

There are three types of compounds: ____________, ___________, and ____________.

Answer 12

acids; bases; salts

Question 13

The word acid is taken from the Latin word for __________, which is ___________.

Answer 13

vinegar; acetum

Question 14

What is the difference between a hydrogen ion and a hydroxide ion?

Answer 14

A hydrogen ion is a positively charged hydrogen atom that is very active when it joins with other atoms. A hydroxide ion is a negatively charged molecule of hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 15

Name two places acids are found.

Answer 15

Some acids are found naturally in food.

Our stomach has a very strong acid to help our food break down.

Question 16

Describe five characteristics of a base.

Answer 16

Bases are usually insoluble.
Bases are slippery to the touch.
Bases have a bitter taste.
Bases are made up of hydroxide ions.
Bases can be destructive at times.

Question 17

Most bases are insoluble. What does this mean?

Answer 17

They do not dissolve in liquid.

Question 18

What happens when an acid and base are combined?

Answer 18

They will form water, which is neutral, and salt.

Question 19

Name seven good uses of acids

Answer 19

used in painkillers
to make cheeses out of milk
to add flavor to many foods
used in explosives
used in fertilizers
helps the stomach digest food
to make dyes for cloth

Question 20

Name five good uses of bases.

Answer 20

oil refinement
film development
cleaning products
soap
papermaking

Question 21

acid

Answer 21

a sour-tasting compound that can be very powerful and corrode metal

Question 22

base

Answer 22

a bitter-tasting compound that can react with other material made up of hydroxide ions

Question 23

hydrogen ion

Answer 23

a positively charged hydrogen atom that is very active when it joins with other atoms

Question 24

hydroxide ion

Answer 24

a negatively charged molecule of hydrogen and oxygen

Question 25

insoluble

Answer 25

unable to dissolve in another substance

Question 26

litmus paper

Answer 26

a special chemically treated paper that turns a certain color when an acid or a base touches it

Question 27

pH scale

Answer 27

a special measuring system that identifies how acidic or basic a material is