Lesson 8: Summary of Macronutrient Metabolism

Question 1

Amino acids can be synthesized from carbohydrates or fats. True or False?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Both the glycerol and fatty acid components of fat can be converted to carbohydrates. True or False?

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Glucagon

Select one:

a. Stimulates glycolysis
b. Stimulates glycogen synthesis
c. Is secreted in response to raised blood glucose levels
d. Is released by pancreatic beta cells
e. Stimulates gluconeogenesis

Answer 3

b. Stimulates glycogen synthesis

Question 4

Glucose can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of both the glycerol and fatty acid components of triglycerides. True or False?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Glucose levels in the body must be maintained at a constant level both during meals and in the fasted state. True or False?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

In the fed state, carbohydrates are

Select one:

a. Converted into fatty acids for storage in adipose tissue
b. Stored as glycogen
c. Used to produce nucleotides through the pentose phosphate pathway
d. Broken down through glycolysis to provide energy
e. All of these answers are correct

Answer 6

e. All of these answers are correct

Question 7

Insulin

Select one:

a. Increases glycolysis
b. Enhances triglyceride synthesis
c. Increases the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate
d. Enhances glycogen synthesis
e. All of these answers are correct

Answer 7

e. All of these answers are correct

Question 8

Insulin causes an increase in the activity of GLUT4 transporters which increase the uptake of glucose into the

Select one:

a. Adipose tissue
b. Liver
c. Muscles
d. Muscle, adipose tissue and liver
e. Muscles and adipose tissue

Answer 8

d. Muscle, adipose tissue and liver

Question 9

Ketone bodies are formed

Select one:

a. During starvation
b. During starvation, diabetes mellitus or when carbohydrate intake is inadequate (with an insufficient calorie intake)
c. During starvation or diabetes mellitus
d. During starvation, diabetes mellitus or when carbohydrate intake is inadequate (even if sufficient calories are consumed)

Answer 9

d. During starvation, diabetes mellitus or when carbohydrate intake is inadequate (even if sufficient calories are consumed)

Question 10

Most dietary fat is transported through the blood by

Select one:

a. Micelles
b. Lipase
c. GLUT4 transporters
d. Chylomicrons
e. GLUT2 transporters

Answer 10

d. Chylomicrons

Question 11

The early fasted state is considered to begin as soon as food is finished being consumed. True or False?

Answer 11

False

Question 12

When excess calories are consumed, which of the following macronutrients are capable of being stored as fat?

Select one:

a. Carbohydrates, lipids and protein
b. Carbohydrates and protein
c. Lipids
d. Carbohydrates and lipids
e. Carbohydrates

Answer 12

a. Carbohydrates, lipids and protein

Question 13

Which amino acids can be used to produce energy?

Select one:

a. Glucogenic amino acids
b. Only alanine
c. Ketogenic amino acids
d. All of the amino acids
e. Only lysine or leucine

Answer 13

d. All of the amino acids

Question 14

Which of the following is the preferred fuel source of red blood cells?

Select one:

a. Any of these macronutrients are used interchangeably
b. Glucose
c. Fatty acids
d. Amino acids
e. Glucose or fatty acids

Answer 14

b. Glucose

Question 15

Which of the following macronutrients are capable of providing the body with the energy that it needs on a short-term basis?

Select one:

a. Lipids
b. All of these answers are correct
c. Carbohydrates and lipids
d. Carbohydrates
e. Protein

Answer 15

b. All of these answers are correct