Leucocytes and Pathology Flashcards
What cells will come from the myeloid lineage? What cells from the lymphoid lineage?
What are the cells from the granulocyte lineage?
Granulocytes: esinophils, basophils and neutrophils.
What cells proceed the neutrophil?
What are the two proteins on the neutrophil that aid in its adhesion, margination and diapedesis.
Selectin: aids in the ‘capture’ and ‘rolling’.
Integrin: aids in ‘rolling’ and ‘diapedesis’
What are the two possible responses that neutrophils can have to a bacterial encounter?
Explain the two
- Apoptosis: anti-inflammatory effects.
- NETosis: proinflammatory release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) which is a combination of decondensed chromatin and antimicrobial components.
What are some things that can cause a neutrophilia?
Infection; steroid induced and chronic mild neutrophilia due to smoking, obesity etc.
What are some reactive neutrophil changes seen in severe infection?
Toxic granulation: increase in number of prominent granules.
Vacuolation: autophagocytosis (neutrophils eat each other)/phagocytosis.
Left shift: increase in the number of immature neutrophils.
Some causes of neutropenia?
What sorts of things could cause an eosinophilia?
Monocytes become __________ when they enter an organ. They make up to ….% of all cells in an organ
residant tissue macrophage, 10-15% of all cells in an organ.
What are the 2 main causes of monocytosis?
What is leukoerythroblastic anaemia caused by?
What are some of the main causes of lymphocytosis in different ages?
Either viruses of leukemias.
Glandular fever is a very common one (infection of B cells).
Overview of some of the myeloid and lymphoid cancers?
What is pancytopenia, what can cause it and what are some of the complications?
Pancytopenia: Lack of all blood cells in the blood.
What can cause it: leukemia, lymphoma and metastatic cancer.
What is leukemia vs lymphoma?
Leukemia: Myeloid derived cancer (can be red cells, granulocytes etc). Leukaemias tend to affect the bone marrow and blood.
Lymphoma: Cancer from a lymphoid lineage (B cells, T cells, NK cells etc). Lymphomas tend to affect the lymph nodes.
