Lipid Lowering Agents Flashcards
Lipid Lowering Drugs types?
- Statins
- Niacin
- Fibrates
- Resins
- Ezetimibe
Statins drugs?
Rosuvastatin,
Atorvastatin,
Simvastatin,
Lovastatin
Statins mechanism of action?
• Inhibits HMG CoA synthetase leading to decreased
endogenous cholesterol synthesis
- ↓ cholesterol synthesis, ↓ intracellular cholesterol, ↑ peripheral cholesterol uptake, ↓ plasma cholesterol
Statins Side Effects & Contraindications?
• Myotoxicity & hepatotoxicty esp taken with fibrates
• GIT disturbances – dyspepsia, constipation
• Avoid in growing children / pregnant women as HMG
CoA synthetase is crucial in growth
• Weight gain
Niacin drugs?
Niaspan ( extended release)
Niacin mechanism of action?
• Inhibits hepatic lipase and upregulates LPL =
- ↓ VLDL production, ↓ LDL
- ↑ peripheral lipolysis & TG breakdown
• Some antithrombotic activity
Niacin Side Effects & Contraindications?
- GIT Disturbances
- Intense cutaneous flush & pruritus
- Hepatotoxicity
- Weight gain
Fibrates drugs?
Gemfibrozil
Fibrates mechanism of action?
• Upregulates LPL
- ↑ peripheral lipolysis & TG breakdown
• Increased HDL levels
Fibrates Side Effects & Contraindications?
- GIT Disturbances
- Myotoxicity & Hepatotoxicity esp taken with statins
- Gall stones
- Limited weight gain thus suitable for use in Type II DM
Resins drugs?
Cholestyramine, Colestipol
Resins mechanism of action?
• Prevents reabsorption of bile salts in the ileum
- ↓ bile salt return, ↑ cholesterol loss
- ↑ cholesterol synthesis to replace loss, ↓ plasma cholesterol
Resins Side Effects & Contraindications?
- GIT Disturbances
* Malabsorption & Steatorrhea
Ezetimibe mechanism of action?
• Localizes at the brush border of the intestinal villi and prevents effective uptake of cholesterol
Ezetimibe Side Effects & Contraindications?
- Headache
* Mild malabsorption & steatorrhea
