Lipids

Question 1

Lipid: define

Answer 1

A highly water-insolube compound that is highly soluble in organic compounds, and possess hydrophobic regions

Question 2

Fatty acids

Answer 2

building blocks of phosopholipids and glycolipids

Question 3

nomenclature of fats

Answer 3

indicated by “oic”

two sites of unsaturation indicted by prefix “di, tri” oic

-decatrioic

Question 4

double bonds in the fatty acids indicated in the name by

Answer 4

triangle with superscript; superscript indicates carbon on which the DB is located, and always attached to the following number. so triangle 9 indicates a double bond at carbon 9 to 10, but not 9 to 8.

also indicated by W symbole (omega)

W-5 would mean DB at carbon 5-6

Question 5

Counting from the carboxylic

Answer 5

is how you would count the carbons, there’s an alpha and beta carbon immediately afterward

Question 6

the terminal of the fatty acid is called the

Answer 6

W carbon, or distal end

Question 7

Fatty acid characteristics

Answer 7

usually an even number of carbons, a lot are 16-18

carbons, configuration of the unsaturated fatty acid is cis

ionized at physiological pH

have a lower melting point the more double bonds present

the melting points of the saturated fatty acids increase with chain length

Question 8

Non-essential FAs

Answer 8

Stearic acid (saturated)
oleic acid (unsaturated)

Question 9

w6 essential FA

Answer 9

Linoelic acid

arachidonic acid

Question 10

w3 essential FA

Answer 10

alpha-linolenic acid
eicosapentaenoic acid
docosahexaenoic acid

Question 11

what makes the membrane lipid of the archaeon so resilient to heat?

Answer 11

1) totally saturated fatty acids

2) an ester bond from acyl group (resists hydrolysis)

Question 12

Major Membrane Lipids (3)

Answer 12

1) Phospholipids 2) glycolipids 3) cholesterol

Phospholipids: sphingomyelin, phosphoglyceride

Glycolipids: cerebroside

Question 13

Phospholipid

Answer 13

Two fatty acids