Lipids Flashcards
Gemfibrozil
Antilipemic agent, fibric acid
Niacin
antilipemic agent
Provastatin
HMG-coA reductase inhibitor
Fasting lipid profile is needed when? and includes?
Abnormalities in total and HDL cholesterol
Includes:
- total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, calculated LDL cholesterol
Secondary causes of elevated lipids
hypothyroidism Obstructive liver disease Nephrotic syndrome Uncontrolled diabetes Smoking Kidney failure
Diagnosis of dyslipidemia
2 measures of LDL 2 weeks apart
Treatment of dyslipidemia
Mod-low risk for CHD - dietary intervention to decrease LDL
Increased CHD risk/LDL >30 mg/dL
High risk/unresponsive - use drugs
Targets for dyslipidemia
- LDL (high < 100, mod < 130, low < 160)
- Triglycerides
- Low HDL - CHD risk factor (want to increase it)
Trigylcerides > 1000
Risk of pancreatitis
Tx: niacin, fibrin acid derivatives
Bile acid sequestration
(add to statin)
Colestipol hydrochloride, colevalum hydrochloride
Statins
Atorvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin (max = 40 mg/day)
- most effective, hepatotoxic, myopathic, inhibit HMG-CoA reductase *CAD, *DM
Fibrates
gemfibrozil, fenofibrate
Niacin (nicotinic acid)
increase HDL production, decrease triglycerides, *worsen hyperglycemia
Intestinal cholesterol absorption blockers
Ezetimibe - add to statin
Targets: Total cholesterol LDL HDL Triglycerides glucose
Total cholesterol = 150 - 199 mg/dL
LDL < 130 mg/dL
HDL > 40 mg/dL
triglycerides < 250 mg/dL (>1000 risk for pancreatitis)
glucose = 70 - 150 fasting, < 140 post-prandial
