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Biochemistry > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

lipids hydro - phobic or philic

A

hydrophobic

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2
Q

how do they make themselves more soluble to move around the body

A

often bond to a protein - lipoprotein

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3
Q

main form of dietary fat

A

triglycerides

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4
Q

what can be solid/liquid at room temp
includes fats and oils
is a concentrated form of chemical energy

A

triglycerides

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5
Q

structure of a triglyceride

A

1 glycerol
3 fatty acids
joined by ester bonds

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6
Q

what reaction breaks down triglycerides

A

hydrolysis

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7
Q

4 functions triglycerides

A

source of energy (less efficient than carbs)
storage of excess calorific intake
insulation
protection of body parts

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8
Q

state of saturated fat at room temp

A

solid - straight molecules (can tightly pack)

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9
Q

state of monounsaturated fat at room temp

A

liquid - one bend so cannot pack

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10
Q

state of polyunsaturated fat at room temp

A

liquid - v bent molecules

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11
Q

how are fatty acids named

A

according to closest double bond to OMEGA carbon

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12
Q

cis or trans fats more common in nature

A

cis

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13
Q

different in molecular structure - cis and trans

A

cis bent, trans straight

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14
Q

2 ways that trans fats can be formed

A

cis fats can turn to trans by heating at high temps

- hydrogenation processes in making margarine/processed foods

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15
Q

what type of fatty acids are EFAs

A

polyunsaturated

cannot be made in the body

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16
Q

name omega 6 family of fatty acids

A

LA
GLA
AA
eicosanoids

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17
Q

LA - long name and source

A

LINOLEIC ACID

veg oils, seeds, nuts

18
Q

GLA long name & source

A

GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID

borage/evening primrose oil/converted from LA

19
Q

AA long name & source

A

ARACHIDONIC ACID

meat/converted from GLA

20
Q

name family of omega 6 fatty acids

A

LNA
EPA
DPA
Eicosanoids

21
Q

long name & source LNA

A

ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID

green leafy veg, flax, walnuts

22
Q

long name & source EPA

A

EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID

converted from LNA/fish oil

23
Q

long name & source DPA

A

DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID

converted from EPA/fish oil

24
Q

can body convert form of one EFA to another in same family

A

yes, cannot make from scratch

25
Q

what can happen when EFAs are exposed to light, heat and oxygen

A

become free radicals

26
Q

how should you store EFAs

A

in dark glass bottle in fridge

never cook with

27
Q

11 functions EFAs

A

fluidity/chemical activity cell membranes
synthesis prostaglandins
regulate 02 use, electron transportation, energy production
help form haemoglobin
support production of digestive enzymes
lubricate joints
help transport cholesterol in blood
help generate electrical currents, keep heart regular
help balance immune system - prevent allergies
ensure proper nerve transmission
bone formation/repair

28
Q

definition of lipoprotein

A

fat molecule joined to a protein so lipid can move around blood stream

29
Q

where are lipoproteins synthesised

A

liver

30
Q

4 types lipoproteins

A

chylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
HDL

31
Q

role of chylomicrons

A

carry triglycerides from intestines to

liver, skeletal muscles, adipose tissue

32
Q

role of very low density lipoproteins

A

carry newly synthesised triglycerides from liver to

adipose tissue

33
Q

role of low density lipoproteins

A

carry cholesterol from liver to

cells of body (known as bad cholesterol)

34
Q

role of high density lipoproteins

A

collect cholesterol from tissues and returns it to

liver

35
Q

structure of phospholipid

A

1 glycerol

2 fatty acid chains

36
Q

phospholipids are amphiphatic, this means

A

soluble 1 side, insoluble on the other

37
Q

3 ex steroids

A

cholesterol
oestrogen
testosterone

38
Q

steroids formed from

A

cholesterol

39
Q

2 stages of fat digestion

A

in duodenum bile salts released to emulsify

pancreatic lipase breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerols

40
Q

most important fat digesting enzyme

A

pancreatic lipase

41
Q

what happens at end of fat digestion

A

end products dissolve in membrane lining of small intestine helped by intestinal lipase
then goes into lacteals in villi

Biochemistry (8 decks)

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