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English Literature > Literary Skills > Flashcards

Literary Skills Flashcards

1
Q

Plot

A

the sequence of related events in a story. a typical plot concerns a conflict

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2
Q

conflict

A

a struggle between opposing forces

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3
Q

plot pattern

A

exposition-> rising action-> climax-> falling action-> resolution

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4
Q

exposition

A

the writer gives background on the hchracaters and situation

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5
Q

rising action

A

events intensify the conflict

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6
Q

climax

A

the tension reaches its highest point because the outcome of the conflict is about to be revealed

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7
Q

falling action

A

the tension lessens because th eoutcome is clear

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8
Q

resolution

A

the final outcome. often involves a change or an insight

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9
Q

foreshadowing

A

giving details to hint at upcoming events to add tension

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10
Q

prediction

A

a logical idea about what will happen. can be made with reference to prior knowledge either about stores with similar plots or knowledge about human nature to predict how characters will act

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11
Q

style

A

a writers style is made up of the features that make his or her expression of idead distsinctice. composed of syntax and diction

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12
Q

diction

A

or word choice, involves the type of words the writer uses

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13
Q

syntax

A

ir sentence strcuture is related to how the writer organises words to express ideas

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14
Q

purpose

A

reason for writing

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15
Q

theme

A

the cental message a literary work communicates

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16
Q

how can the theme be communicated

A

directly state the theme of the work or have a character state it. create patetrns of story elements to suggest a larger meaning

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17
Q

juctaposition

A

when 2 contrasting concepts are put next to each other usually to make one appear better than the other

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18
Q

philosophical assumption

A

themes usually reflect philosophica ssumtions which are the writers basic beliefs in life

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19
Q

symbolism

A

a writers use of symbols

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20
Q

symbol

A

a character, place a thing or event in a literray work that stands for a larger idea

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21
Q

how can symbols be created//shown

A

calling on traditional association r creating new associations

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22
Q

allegory

A

a story in which all characters, setting and events are clearly symbolic

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23
Q

humorous essay

A

a nonfiction composition in which the witer presents peiple events and ideas in enexpected amusing ways. often a humorous essay will treat a serious situation lightly or a ridicualous situation seriously

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24
Q

hyperbole

A

exagerration for efect. when a writer describes people things or events as if they were much greater than they actually are

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25
Q

understatement

A

the writer describing people things or evens as if the were much less than they are

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26
Q

satire

A

when a writer uses humour to point out the foolishness if a particular type of human behaviour or of a particular institution

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27
Q

sonnet

A

14 lines
1 stanza
lyric poem
specific pattern of rhyme and rhythm

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28
Q

lyric

A

denotes to the expression of the emotions of the speaker

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29
Q

narrative

A

denotes to the telling of a story

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30
Q

types of poems

A

lyric and narrative

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31
Q

stanza

A

the lyric equivalelnt to a pargraph in prose

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32
Q

shakesperean rhyme scheme

A

ABAB

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33
Q

quatrain

A

a unit of 4 correponding lines

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34
Q

couplet

A

a unit of 2 corresponding lines

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35
Q

iambic pentameter

A

5 units of a stressed an untressed syllable

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36
Q

petrarchan rhyme scheme

A

ABBA ABBA CDE CDE

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36
Q

iamb

A

unstressed and stressed

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37
Q

octave

A

8 lines

38
Q

rhythm

A

music of the poem//syllables//beat

39
Q

rhyme

A

how the ends of words match

40
Q

8 lines

A

octave

41
Q

6 ines

A

sestet

42
Q

sestet

A

6 lines

43
Q

how do shakespearan and petrarchan differ

A

mostly in rhyme scheme

44
Q

context

A

time and place in which the work was produced

45
Q

hypophora

A

an author posing a quesion and answering it immeditaely afterwrads

46
Q

motif

A

element of a story that is repeated to gve it extra significance

47
Q

situational irony

A

when something happens that contradicts what the characters expect to happen

48
Q

verbal irony

A

when one says something that cobtradicts what they actually feel or mean

49
Q

dramatic irony

A

when readers have knowledge that the characters do not and the differenet interpretations they lead to

50
Q

types of irony

A

situational
dramatic
verba

51
Q

villanelle

A

lyric poem
lines with only 2 whymes throghout the whole poem
5 tercets
final quatrain, lines 1 and 3 of the first staza are repeared in every other stanza

52
Q

metonymy

A

using an attriute or something related to something instead of its name

53
Q

pun

A

double meaning// words that can be used inetrchangeably and make sense both ways within the sentence

53
Q

enjambment

A

when the sentence does not finis at the end of the line and continues onto the next line

54
Q

apostrophe

A

addressing a concept or an absent perosn who cannot answer

55
Q

paradox

A

a statement that looks self contraidctory ot absurd on the surface but reveals a profound meaninf

56
Q

extended metaphor

A

a metagor that is explained

57
Q

utopia

A

imaginary perfect society

58
Q

opposite of utopia

A

dystopia

59
Q

dystopia

A

imaginary society with extreme suffering. usually start out as utopia but devolve into dysotpian societies

60
Q

propganda

A

misinformation used to create a positive image of a political party

61
Q

euphamism

A

a mild or indirect word or expression subistuted for one consider to be harsh, blunt, embarrasing or unpleasant

62
Q

short story

A

a brief work of fiction intended to be read in one sitting. due to the brevity of a short story a writer must limit the range of settings and the scope of the action

62
Q

tricolon

A

a list of three things

63
Q

external conflict

A

is a struggle between two characters

64
Q

internal conl;fict

A

struggle within the mind of one character

65
Q

epiphany

A

a moment of sudden realisation that changes their feelings about the conflict without necessarily resolving it

66
Q

character

A

the characters in a story are the individuals who participate in the action.
protagonist: main character
antagonist: the protagonists adversary

66
Q

characterisation

A

the weriters process of revealing a charact3ers personality to the reader
indirect: writers can report a characters words toughest actions and interactions with other characters without commenting on them
direct: writers make direct statement about a characters personality appearance habits gaosl values or beliefs

66
Q

hero

A

a charcetr who exhibits positve traits

67
Q

setting

A

the time and place of the actions provides context and backdrop for the action and adds complications to the plot and contributes to the mood of the story
setting can be past present or future and include a specific year season or hour of day
setting can include the social economic or cultural circumstances that affect the characters and their specific geographical location

68
Q

character development

A

the process of showing gow a character changes or revealing different sides of a characters personality

69
Q

emanicpation of the serfs

A

1861 by tsar alexander the second
the government bought land from the sers’ former masters and resold it to the sersf however these parecls were often horrifically priced to too small and so to survive some freed serfs rented land from landowners others worked fro landowners or went to work in factories dictonet grew and many sought reform

70
Q

unnoficial start of serfdom

A

1460 th efreeodm of peasants to leave the land they farmed is limited

71
Q

official start of serfdom

A

1649

71
Q

england ends serfdom

A

1600s

72
Q

peasants rebel

A

1773-1774

72
Q

frace ends serfdom

A

1789

72
Q

alexandra ii ends serfdom in russia

A

1861

72
Q

united states abolishes slavery

A

1865

73
Q

essay

A

examines and sicusses a topic often rpesenting the writers personal viewpoints

73
Q

order of emancipation

A

england france russia america

73
Q

speech

A

presents a topic and often marks a special occasion

74
Q

tone

A

the writers attitude toward both th esubject and the audiennce

75
Q

perspective

A

is the viewpoint or opinion an euthor expresses

76
Q

narrative essay

A

essay that tell sa story of real events or an individuals personal experiences

77
Q

descriptive essay

A

creates an impression about a person object to an experience

78
Q

expository essay

A

provides information edpxoores ideas or explains a proc ess

79
Q

persuasive essay

A

attempts to convince readers to take a course of action or adopt thewriters position on an issue

80
Q

reflective essay

A

conveys the writers thoughts and feelings about a personal experience or an idea

81
Q

types of speeches

A

address- formal prepared speech delivered by someone of importance
talk- an informal speech delivered in a conventional style
oration- an eloquent speech given on a formal occasion
lecture- prepared speech that informs or instructs an audience

82
Q

figuritive

A

langauge used imaginitevly rather than literally to express feeling and ideas in new ways

83
Q

figures of speech

A

making comparisons between dissimilar things

English Literature (3 decks)

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