Liver/Pancreatic Exocrine D/O

Question 1

Lobule

Answer 1

Functional unit of the Liver

Question 2

Hepatocytes

Answer 2

liver cells produce and secrete bile

Question 3

Bile

Answer 3

stimulates peristalsis and breaks down fats in the intestine

Question 4

Canaliculus

Answer 4

Channels between hepatocytes drain bile into Common Bile Duct into duodenum and gall bladder

Question 5

Hepatic Artery

Answer 5

carries oxygenated blood INTO liver

Question 6

Portal Vein

Answer 6

• carries un-oxygenated blood (venous blood) high in nutrients from the GI tract into the liver
• provides energy for liver functions

Question 7

Sinusoids

Answer 7

• capillaries between hepatocytes which carry blood to hepatic vein
• lined with Kupffer cells

Question 8

Kupffer Cells

Answer 8

in sinusoids of liver acting as macrophages to destroy old WBCs, RBCs, and bacteria

Question 9

Hepatic Vein

Answer 9

carries blood away from sinusoids to the Inferior Vena Cava back to lungs/heart for oxygenation

Question 10

How many RBCs die every 5 seconds?

Answer 10

20 million!!

Question 11

Main function of the liver?

Answer 11

Metabolism of bilirubin

Question 12

Steps of metabolism of bilirubin

Answer 12

1. RBCs breakdown in blood
2. Heme breakdown produces bilirubin in blood (UNCONJUGATED)
3. Bilirubin circulates through liver and is conjugated in hepatocytes (CONJUGATED)
4. Bilirubin leaves liver as bile via bile (hepatic) duct
5. Excreted into duodenum-converted to UROBILINOGEN
6. Pooped out

Question 13

Urobilinogen

Answer 13

gives stool brown color

Question 14

Bile contains…

Answer 14

…water, electrolytes, bile acids, cholesterol and bilirubin

Question 15

Adults produce how much bile per day?

Answer 15

400-800mL per day

Question 16

Bile drains…

Answer 16

…into small intestine, most of what is secreted into duodenum are re-absorbed back into the blood to be used agian

Question 17

Hepatitis

Answer 17

Inflammation of the liver

Question 18

Hepatitis can lead to…

Answer 18

…degeneration, scarring and necrosis of hepatocytes

Question 19

Onset: Acute, sudden onset?

Answer 19

Type A (HAV)

Question 20

Source: Contaminated food and water, poor sanitation

Answer 20

Type A (HAV)

Question 21

Transmission: Fecal-oral route (poor hand hygiene) & blood

Answer 21

Type A (HAV)

Question 22

Chronic state? No, self-limiting

Answer 22

Type A (HAV)

Question 23

Diagnosis HAV/HBV antigen and antibodies

Answer 23

Both Type A and B