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Health And Social > LO6 > Flashcards

LO6 Flashcards

1
Q

Define pupil

A

Opening in middle of eye where light passes through

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2
Q

Define iris

A

visible coloured ring, adjusts the amount of light entering through the pupil

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3
Q

Define tear glands

A

produces tears to clean/lubricate eye
Defend against infection

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4
Q

Define aqueous/vitrous humerous

A

Jelly like fluid that fills eye keeping the eye’s shape

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5
Q

Define conjunctiva

A

Thin membrane which protects cornea

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6
Q

Define cornea

A

Front of eye which is transparent, light rays passes through cornea to retina

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7
Q

Define retina

A

Inner lining of eye, containing light sensitive cells

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8
Q

Define macula

A

High concentration of photoreceptor cells, detecting light and sending signals to the brain interpreting to images

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9
Q

Define optic nerve

A

Where nerve cells exit the eye going to the brain

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10
Q

Define ciliary muscle

A

Enables the lens to change shape for focusing. Contracting to stretch lens making it flatter/thinner

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11
Q

Define suspensory ligaments

A

Attached to lens to the ciliary muscle

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12
Q

Define lens

A

Focuses light entering the eye

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13
Q

Define eardrum

A

Thin layer of tissue that receives sound vibrations

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14
Q

Define Stapes/incus/malleus ear bones

A

Small bones that amplify the sound waves and transmit the vibrations across the middle of the ear to the cochlea

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15
Q

Define cochlea

A

Contains jelly like fluid in coiled tube, vibrations which are converted into neural messages then passed onto the brain

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16
Q

Define organ of corti

A

In cochlea, similar to a microphone lined with rows of hairs cells that convert sound vibration’s into nerve impulses

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17
Q

Define eustachian tube

A

Connects middle ear to throat, ensuring pressure in middle ear is equal to pressure outside the ear

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18
Q

Define round window

A

Drum like membrane, vibrations from oval window pass through to cochlea

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19
Q

Define auditory nerve

A

Bundle of nerves fibres that carry hearing information between cochlea and brain

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20
Q

Define semi-circular canals and ampullae

A

Tiny fluid filled tubes in inner ear help with balance. They are lined with cilia acting as motion sensor to keep your balance

21
Q

Define glaucoma

A

Optic nerve connects the eye to the brain becomes damaged

22
Q

Possible causes of glaucoma

A

Build up of pressure in the eye when fluid from the aqueous humour is unable to drain properly. Increasing pressure, damaging optic nerve

Increase risk:
Age
Ethnicity- African/Carribbean
Family history
Medical conditions- diabete

23
Q

What are the symptoms of glaucoma

A

Intense eye pain
Blurred vision
Headaches
Sensitivity to light

24
Q

What are the effects of glaucoma

A

Develops slowly, affecting the edge of vision.
Many people don’t realise they have glaucoma
If left untreated build up of pressure eventually destroys optic nerve causing blindness

25
Q

How is gluacoma treated

A

Medicine- prescription eye drops
Laser treatment- to lower pressure in eye
Surgery- adds drain to eye to help eye drain excessive fluid

26
Q

How does glaucoma impact daily life

A

Blurred vision- may affect driving walking
Extended time off work for surgery
Sensitivity to lights/headaches make someone feel isolated

27
Q

Define Age-related macular-degeneration (AMD)

A

Eye disease which blurs your central vision, age causes damage to the macula

28
Q

Causes of AMD

A

Exact cause unknown linked to:
smoking
high blood pressure
overweight
family history
age

29
Q

Symptoms of AMD

A

Blurred vision
Straight lines appear wavy
Difficulty recognising faces

30
Q

Effects of AMD

A

Without treatment vision continues to worsen/ affects central vision

31
Q

Impacts of AMD on daily living

A

Blurred vision causes difficulty recognising faces, reading, driving
Affect job, time off, reasonable adjustments
Isolated/loss of confidence socialising going out in public

32
Q

Treatments for AMD

A

Dry AMD- no treatment
Wet AMD- regular eye infections (to slow down vision loss)
Light treatment (photodynamic therapy) light shined into back of eye to stop growth of abnormal blood vessels

33
Q

Define cataracts

A

The lens develops a cloudy patch causing blurred vision

34
Q

Causes of cataracts

A

Age
Diabetes
Exposure to UV light
Excessive smoking/alcohol
Family history

35
Q

Symptoms of cataracts

A

Cloudy lens causes:
Blurred/misty vision
Colours are distorted
Inconsistencies in vision quality
Double vision

36
Q

Impacts of cataracts on everyday life

A

Vision affects daily activities, reading driving
Affects social life/hobbies
Time off for appointments/surgery
Loss of confidence

37
Q

Treatments for cataracts

A

Surgery- remove/replace the affected lens
No medication can dissolve cataracts
Stronger prescription glasses- only help for period of time

38
Q

Define retinopathy

A

Disease of the retina, blood vessels narrow/leak resulting in abnormal blood flow to the retina, damaging it

39
Q

Symptoms of retinopathy

A

Gradual/sudden vision loss
Shapes floating in vision field
Eye pain redness
Difficulty seeing in the dark

40
Q

Causes of retinopathy

A

Diabetes, high blood sugar

41
Q

Effects of retinopathy on daily living

A

Difficulty driving
Affects work/sports/hobbies
Continue to manage diabetes/daily readings
Carry diabetic medications around everyday

42
Q

Treatments of retinopathy

A

Laser treatment- to treat new blood vessels in the back of the eye, as it causes bleeding int he back of the eye

Eye injections- (Anti-VEGF) prevent the formation of new blood vessel help with conservation eyesight

Surgery- to remove scar tissue

Can cause blindness if left untreated

43
Q

Name the 3 possible causes of hearing loss

A

Gradual hearing loss
Conductive hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss

44
Q

Define gradual hearing loss

A

Prolonged period of degeneration of hearing due to ageing, exposure to loud noises over many years

45
Q

Define conductive hearing loss

A

Hearing loss due to a blockage of earwax/infection causing a build up of fluid or perforated ear drum

46
Q

Define sensorineural hearing loss

A

Hearing loss due to damage to the hair cells in the inner ear/damage to auditory nerve. Viral infections such as mumps, meningtitis are causes/ head injury

47
Q

Treatment for hearing loss

A

Earwax extraction- ear drops dissolve wax
Hearing aid- to amplify sound
Implants- devices attached to skull and implants placed inside the ear
Sign language- new way of communicating

48
Q

Impacts of hearing loss on daily living

A

Learning different ways of communicating BSL, braille
Regular appointments
Loss of independence
Affect ability to work, result in job loss
Feeling stresses/tired having to focus on hearing people
Emotional effects- depression/isolation struggle to socialise/hobbies

Health And Social (6 decks)

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