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Biopsychology > Localisation > Flashcards

Localisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is localisation?

A

The theory that specific areas of the brain are associated with particular physical and psychological functions.

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2
Q

What are the sections that the the brain is divided into?

A
  • The Lymbic system
  • Cerebellum
  • Brain stem
  • Cortex/Cerebrum
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3
Q

What does the lymbic system control?

A

Controls basic emotions and drives

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4
Q

What does the cerebellum control?

A

Coordinates & regulates muscular activity

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5
Q

What does the brain stem control?

A

Part of the central nervous system. Regulates body functions (eg: breathing, heart rate)
Connects the brain to the spinal cord.

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6
Q

What does the cortex/cerebrum control?

A

Responsible for higher-level processes. eg: learning, memory, thought, emotion, language, decision-making.

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7
Q

What are the 4 lobes?

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Temporal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
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8
Q

What does the frontal lobe control?

A

Reasoning, motor control, emotion, language

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9
Q

What does the parietal lobe control?

A

Processes sensory information, some motor control

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10
Q

What does the the temporal lobe control?

A

Hearing, memory, emotion & some aspects of language

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11
Q

What does the occipital lobe control?

A

Contains primary visual cortex - interprets visual information

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12
Q

Where is the motor cortex located?

A

The frontal lobe

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13
Q

What does the motor cortex control?

A

Voluntarily movement

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14
Q

Is the motor cortex ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

Contralateral

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15
Q

What does contralateral mean?

A

Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body

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16
Q

Where is the somatosensory area located?

A

The parietal lobe of both hemispheres

17
Q

What is the purpose of the somatosensory area?

A

Where sensory info from the skin is represented/processed

18
Q

Is the somatosensory area ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

Contralateral

19
Q

Where is the visual cortex located?

A

The occipital lobe

20
Q

What is the purpose of the visual cortex?

A

Contains different areas that process different types of visual information eg colour, shape and movement

21
Q

Is the visual cortex ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

Contralateral

22
Q

How does the visual cortex receive visual info?

A

Nerve impulses from the retina travel to areas of the brain via the optic nerve

23
Q

Where is the auditory cortex located?

A

The temporal lobe of both hemispheres

24
Q

Is the auditory cortex ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

Ipsilateral however there is one in each hemisphere.

25
Q

How does the auditory cortex receive information?

A

Sound waves are converted into nerve impulses

26
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area located?

A

A small area in the temporal lobe

27
Q

What is Wernicke’s area responsible for?

A

Language comprehension & production

28
Q

Where is Broca’s area located?

A

A small region in the frontal lobe

29
Q

What is Broca’s area responsible for?

A

Speech production

30
Q

What does it mean if the four lobes are bilateral?

A

The 4 lobes can be found on both sides of the brain.

31
Q

How did neuroscientists view the brain before the 19th century?

A

With a more holistic view. All parts of the brain are involved with all functions of the body.

32
Q

Who is Finneas Gauge ?

A

He had part of his brain taken out by a pole during an accident.

33
Q

What happened to Jenson Jones’ personality after his accident?

A

He was ‘calm’ and ‘reserved’ and became ‘quick-tempered’ and ‘rude’ with poor decision making (became a gambler).

34
Q

Who discovered Broca’s area?

A

Paul Broca

35
Q

What is Broca’s anaphasia?

A

Something wrong with Broca’s area with results in the inability to produce speech properly.

36
Q

Who was Tan?

A

A man who had broca’s anaphasia and could only say the word ‘Tan’.
He had part of his Broca’s area missing.

37
Q

What research what conducted by Peterson et al?

A

They carried out brain scans on his patients whilst they were completing different tasks, so they could evaluate different levels of brain activity during the tasks.

38
Q

Which patients had the most active brain activity during the reading task of Peterson et al’s experiment?

A

Patients that had an affected Broca’s area.

39
Q

Which patients had the most active brain activity during the listening task of Peterson et al’s experiment?

A

Patients that had an affected Wernicke’s area.

Biopsychology (8 decks)

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