Lower Leg

Question 1

gap that allows anterior thigh nerves to enter lower leg

Answer 1

gap posterior to the inguinal ligament, which runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

Question 2

gap that allows medial thigh nerves to enter lower leg

Answer 2

obturator foramen,

Question 3

gap that allows lateral thigh nerves to enter lower leg

Answer 3

greater sciatic foramen

Question 4

iliopsoas

Answer 4

1) proximal parts are iliocus and psoas major, proximal origin is in abdomen, muscles combine and attach at lesser trochanter of femur.
2)

Question 5

pectineus muscle

Answer 5

1) origin is superior ramus of the pubis, insertion is pectinial line of femur.
2) adduction, flexion, medial rotation at the hip.
3) Femoral nerve
4) lateral to adductor longus.

Question 6

sartorius muscle

Answer 6

1) runs from anterior superior iliac spine (lateral pelvis) to the medial tibia.
2) flexion, abduction, lateral rotation at hip, flexion at the knee.
3) femoral nerve

Question 7

Rectus femoris muscle

Answer 7

1) runs from anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum, to tibial tuberosity via the quad tendon and patellar ligament
2) extension at the knee, flexion at the hip
3) femoral nerve

Question 8

vastus muscles

Answer 8

1) vastus lateralis, intermedius, medialis, run from femur to tibial tuberosity via the quad tendon and patellar ligament.
2) extension at knee.
3) femoral nerve.

Question 9

tensor fasciae latae muscle

Answer 9

1) origin is anterior superior iliac spine, insertion is iliotibial tract which attaches at lateral condyl of the tibia.
2) flexes thigh
3) innervated by superior gluteal nerve

Question 10

femoral triangle borders

Answer 10

superior border: inguinal ligament.
lateral border: sartorius muscle
medial border: adductor longus

Question 11

adductor longus

Answer 11

1) Runs from the body of pubis inferior to pubic crest, to the middle third of the linea aspera of the femur
2) adduction at the hip
3) Obturator nerve
4) most anterior of the medial compartment muscles

Question 12

iliotibial tract

Answer 12

Thickening of the fascia lata (deep fascia of the thigh) on the lateral thigh. Extends from the iliac tubercle to the lateral condyle of the tibia. This broad band is also the aponeurosis of the tensor fasciae latae and gluteus maximus muscles.

Question 13

Quadriceps tendon

Answer 13

The tendons of the four major quad muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis & vastus intermedius) unite in the distal part of the thigh to form this tendon, which attaches to the patella. The patellar ligament is the continuation of this tendon inferior to the patella.

Question 14

Saphenous nerve

Answer 14

terminal branch of the femoral nerve, innervates anteromedial aspects of cutaneous knee, leg and foot (no muscles). Runs through femoral triangle lateral to the femoral artery, then through adductor canal, becoming superficial at knee.

Question 15

femoral nerve

Answer 15

originates in lumbar plexus (L2-L4), innervates anterior compartment of the thigh - quad muscles, iliopsoas, sartorius, and pectineus, as well as cutaneous anterior thigh and medial leg.

Question 16

pubic symphysis

Answer 16

joint which connects hip bones anteriorly

Question 17

acetabulum

Answer 17

socket of hip joint, formed from the ilium, ischium and pubis (three bones which fuse during development). Consists of the lunate surface, where the head of the femur articulates, and the acetabular fossa, an area in the center of the socket without cartilage.

Question 18

arteries which supply the hip joint

Answer 18

medial and lateral circumflex arteries (from deep femoral or femoral artery) and the obturator artery (from the internal iliac artery).

Question 19

greater sciatic foramen

Answer 19

space created above the sacrospinous ligament, which runs from the sacrum to the ischial spine; provides a connection between the pelvis, gluteal regions for muscle, vessels and nerves.

Question 20

lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 20

space created between the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments; provides a connection between the gluteal regions and perineum for muscles, vessels and nerves.

Question 21

gluteus maximus

Answer 21

1) connects the pelvis with the femur and iliotibila tract posteriorly.
2) extension and lateral rotation at the hip.
3) inferior gluteal nerve

Question 22

gluteus medius

Answer 22

1) connects the ilium to the greater trochanter of the femur
2) abduction and medial rotation of the hip.
3) superior gluteal nerve

Question 23

gluteus minimus

Answer 23

1) connects ilium to greater trochanter of the femur.
2) abduction and medial rotation of the hip
3) superior gluteal nerve

Question 24

piriformis

Answer 24

1) anterior surface of sacrum to greater trochanter of the femur
2) lateral rotation at the hip.
3) nerve to piriformis

Question 25

obturator internus muscle

Answer 25

1) internal surface of obturator foramen to greater trochanter of the femur.
2) lateral rotation of the hip. abduction of the hip when flexed.
3) nerve to obturator internus