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From Flashcardlet > Lower Respiratory drugs > Flashcards

Lower Respiratory drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Action of epinephrine

A

increases cAMP in lung tissue causing bronchodilation ; restores circulation and increases airway patency

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1
Q

What is a sympathomimetic bronchodilator?

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

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2
Q

What is the first line of defense in acute asthma attack or anaphylaxis and how is it given?

A

epinephrine (Epi-pen) and given subQ

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3
Q

Epinephrine side effects

A

palpitations, dizziness, nervousness, tremors, tachycardia, dysrhthmias, hypertension

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4
Q

What drug is a nonselective beta-adrenergic agonist that is a bronchodilator?

A

Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

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5
Q

Action of Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

A

relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi

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6
Q

Use of Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

A

treats bronchospasm in chronic asthma

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7
Q

side effects of Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

A

nervousness, tremors, restlessness, flushing, HA, tachycardia, palpitations, HTN

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8
Q

What drugs are selective beta2-adrenergic agonists that are bronchodilators?

A

Terbutaline (Brethine) and metaproterenol (Alupent)

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9
Q

What is the action of Terbutaline (Brethine) and metaproterenol (Alupent)

A

relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi

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10
Q

Administration of Terbutaline (Brethine) and metaproterenol (Alupent)

A

oral, inhalation, and subQ

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11
Q

side effects of Terbutaline (Brethine) and metaproterenol (Alupent)

A

tremors, restlessness, anxiety, headaches, nervousness, tachycardia, palpitations, dysrhythmias, hyperglycemia

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12
Q

What drugs are anticholinergics that are bronchodilators?

A 
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
Ipratropium (Combivent)
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13
Q

action of Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

Ipratropium (Combivent)

A

dilates bronchioles

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14
Q

administration of Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

Ipratropium (Combivent)

A

aerosol inhaler

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15
Q

With what condition should you be cautious when using Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
Ipratropium (Combivent)

A

narrow-angle glaucoma

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16
Q

What Methylxanthine (Xanthine) derivatives are bronchodilators?

A

Aminophylline (Somophyllin), theophylline (SloBid)

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17
Q

action of Aminophylline (Somophyllin), theophylline (SloBid)

A

relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi, bronchioles increasing cAMP, promoting bronchodilation

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18
Q

use of Aminophylline (Somophyllin), theophylline (SloBid)

A

maintenance therapy for chronic stable asthma

19
Q

therapeutic range of Aminophylline (Somophyllin), theophylline (SloBid)

A

10 to 20 mcg/mL (toxicity greater than 20)

20
Q

contraindications of Aminophylline (Somophyllin), theophylline (SloBid)

A

seizure, cardiac, renal, or liver disorders

21
Q

administration of Aminophylline (Somophyllin), theophylline (SloBid)

A

oral, IV

22
Q

side effects of Aminophylline (Somophyllin), theophylline (SloBid)

A

dysrhythmias, nervousness, irritability, insomnia, flushing, dizziness, hypotension, seizures, GI distress, intestinal bleeding, hyperglycemia, tachycardia, palpitations, cardiorespiratory collapse

23
Q

What drugs are leukotriene receptor antagonists?

A

Zafirlukast (Accolate), montelukast (Singulair)

24
Q

action of Zafirlukast (Accolate), montelukast (Singulair)

A

reduce inflammatory process and decrease bronchoconstriction

25
Q

use of Zafirlukast (Accolate), montelukast (Singulair)

A

prophylactic and maintenance for chronic asthma

26
Q

side effects of Zafirlukast (Accolate), montelukast (Singulair)

A

dizziness, HA, GI distress, abnormal liver enzymes, nasal congestion, cough, pharyngitis

27
Q

What drugs are glucocorticoids?

A

Beclomethasone (Beclovent, Vanceril), dexamethasone (Decadron)

28
Q

action of Beclomethasone (Beclovent, Vanceril), dexamethasone (Decadron)

A

antiinflammatory effect

29
Q

how do you administer fluticasone (Flovent)

A

aerosol inhaler

30
Q

how do you administer triamcinolone (Aristocort)

A

tablet

31
Q

how do you administer dexamethasone (Decadron)

A

injection

32
Q

what are the two types of aerosol inhalers?

A

metered-dose inhaler (MDI) and dry powdered inhaler (DPI)

33
Q

side effects of frequent dosing of inhalers

A

tremors, nervousness, tachycardia

34
Q

action of Cromolyn and Nedocromil

A

antiinflammatory effect and suppression of release of histamine

35
Q

use of Cromolyn and Nedocromil

A

Prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma

36
Q

do you use Cromolyn and Nedocromil for acute asthma attacks?

A

NO

37
Q

administration of Cromolyn and Nedocromil

A

inhalation

38
Q

side effects of Cromolyn and Nedocromil

A

cough, bad taste, rebound bronchospasm

39
Q

What is a Mucolytic drug?

A

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

40
Q

Action of Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

A

Liquefies and loosens thick mucus secretions

41
Q

Administration of Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

A

Administer 5 minutes after a bronchodilator

Should not be mixed with other drugs

42
Q

What is Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) an antidote of?

A

acetaminophen overdose if within 12 to 24 hours

43
Q

What should Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) be given with?

A

Give orally diluted in juice or soft drink

44
Q

What should the nurse be aware of when
ipratropium, a bronchodilator, and a glucocorticoid
inhaler are ordered together? (Select all that apply.)

A. The bronchodilator is given 5 minutes before a glucocorticoid.
B. The drugs are more effective in combination than when given alone.
C. The glucocorticoid is administered 10 minutes before the bronchodilator.
D. The glucocorticoid should be administered immediately after the bronchodilator.

A

Answer: A, B
Rationale: When a bronchodilator and a glucocorticoid inhaler are given together, the bronchodilator is given first. The nurse should wait for 5 minutes before administering the glucocorticoid. This drug combination is more effective than when given alone.

45
Q

A client has just received a nebulizer treatment of metaproterenol (Alupent). Which side effect/adverse effects should the nurse observe for?

A. Tremors
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypotension
D. Hypoglycemia

A

Answer: A
Rationale: Tremors are a side effect of Alupent, as are tachycardia, hypertension, hyperglycemia.

From Flashcardlet (107 decks)

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