Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Flashcards
1
Q
Name some lower respiratory tract infections that can affect children
A
- tracheitis
- pneumonia
- bronchitis
- bronchiolitis
- empyaema
2
Q
Name some common bacterial agents of lower respiratory tract infections
A
- strep pneumoniae
- h influenzae
- moraxella cattarhalis
- mycoplasma pneumoniae
- chlamydia pneumoniae
3
Q
Name some common viral agents of lower respiratory tract infections
A
- RSV
- parainfluenza 3
- influenza A/B
- adenovirus
4
Q
Describe tracheitis
A
- croup that doesn’t resolve
- fever in child
- staph or strep
- swollen tracheal wall and narrowed tracheal lumen increase resistance to air
5
Q
Describe bronchitis
A
- very common
- loose rattly cough
- vomit after coughing
- no wheeze/crackles
- haemophilus/pneumococcus
- self-limiting
- well child
6
Q
Describe the mechanism of bronchitis
A
- disturbed mucociliary clearance
- infection comes secondary, therefore no need for antibiotics
- advantageous for one winter, then loses infectivity
7
Q
Describe bronchiolitis
A
- RSV/paraflu 3/HMPV
- nasal stuffiness/tachypnoea/poor feeding
- crackles with or without wheeze
8
Q
How is bronchiolitis managed
A
- maximal observation
- minimal intervention
9
Q
Which medications have been proven to work on bronchiolitis
A
NONE
10
Q
How is lower RTI in children different to pneumonia
A
- it is NOT (child doesn’t care)
- reduced/bronchial breath sounds
- infective agents = bacterial/viral/mixture
11
Q
How are lower RTI in children treated
A
- only in 2 days fever, cough and focal signs
- oral amoxycillin first line
- oral macrolide second line
- only IV antibiotics if vomiting
