LP 1&2

Question 1

What is Pharmacology?

Answer 1

The study of the science of drugs

Question 2

What is defined as DRUG?

Answer 2

Any chemical that affects the physiological process of a living organism

Question 3

What is the role of the FDA?

Answer 3

Regulates food and meds (supplements). They make sure they are safe for the public to take, if not, they pull them out of the market.

Question 4

What does the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) do?

Answer 4

Controls medications that are at higher risk for addiction (controlled substances).

Question 5

What are Schedule I Drugs?

Answer 5

Drugs that have a high potential for abuse and NO acceptable medical use in the U.S. (Not legal: marijuana, cocaine, heroin)

Question 6

What are Schedule II Drugs?

Answer 6

Drugs with a high potential for abuse but currently have an accepted medical use in the U.S. (Physical dependence: Adderall, cocaine, fentanyl, morphine)

Question 7

What are Schedule III Drugs?

Answer 7

Drugs with a lower potential for abuse than Schedule I or II. (Hydrocodone+acetaminophen, oxycodone+acetaminophen, combined meds)

Question 8

What are Schedule IV Drugs?

Answer 8

Drugs with a low potential for abuse. (anxiety, sleeping meds)

Question 9

What are Schedule V Drugs?

Answer 9

Drugs with the lowest potential for abuse. (Depression, seizure meds, diarrhea meds)

Question 10

What is Drug Diversion?

Answer 10

The transfer of any legally prescribed controlled substances from the individual for whom it was prescribed to another person for illicit use. (Opioids)

Question 11

What are some areas of potential Liability?

Answer 11

*Failure to assess/evaluate
*Failure to ensure safety
*Medication errors
*Fraud

Question 12

What are the 8 rights of medication administration?

Answer 12

RIGHT
-person
-medication
-dose
-route
-time
-documentation
-reason
-response

Question 13

What is a trailing zero?

Answer 13

Never use a trailing zero with medication orders.

• Do not use 1.0mg, instead use 1mg

Question 14

What is a leading zero?

Answer 14

Always use a leading zero for decimal dosages.

• Do not use .25mg, instead use 0.25mg

Question 15

What is Polypharmacy?

Answer 15

The concurrent use of multiple medications (typically 5+)

Question 16

What is appropriate polypharmacy?

Answer 16

Taking more than 5 meds to treat different diseases/disorders. Each med treats an specific disorder.

Question 17

What is Inappropriate Polypharmacy?

Answer 17

Medications that are being taken but no longer needed. Older prescriptions.

Question 18

What are Additive Effects?

Answer 18

Severe side effects that increase due to the many drugs that a pt takes

Question 19

What is Medication Reconciliation?

Answer 19

Continuous assessment and updating of patient mediation information. It should be done at each stage of health care delivery.

Question 20

What are the Pharmacokinetic Factors?

Answer 20

• Absorption
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Elimination

Question 21

What is Absorption?

Answer 21

The rate at which a drug leaves its site of administration and enters the bloodstream for distribution to body tissues.

Question 22

What is the First Pass Effect?

Answer 22

The metabolism of a drug and its passage from the LIVER into the circulation.

-Oral/enteral meds go through this effect since they undergo the GI tract, and they start to break down when first entering the liver to get into the tissues.

Question 23

What is Bioavailability?

Answer 23

The availability of the drug when it gets absorbed into the systemic circulation.

Question 24

What is Bioequivalence?

Answer 24

When 2 medications have the same bioavailability, but differ in brand name or even price.

Question 25

What is Distribution?

Answer 25

The transport of a drug in the body by the bloodstream to its site of action.

Albumin is the most common blood protein and carries most protein-bound drug molecules.

Question 26

What is Protein Affinity?

Answer 26

When certain drugs “love” to bind to proteins.

Question 27

What is Metabolism?

Answer 27

The biological transformation of a drug into an inactive metabolite; a more soluble compound; a more potent metabolite.