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Resp🫁 > LT Epidemiology: Prevention Of Smoking > Flashcards

LT Epidemiology: Prevention Of Smoking Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary cause of preventable death worldwide?

A. HIV/AIDS
B. Alcohol use
C. Tobacco use
D. Motor vehicle injuries
E. Illegal drug use

A

C. Tobacco use

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2
Q

How many deaths are caused each year by tobacco use compared to other causes combined?

A. Less than other causes combined
B. About the same as other causes combined
C. More than other causes combined
D. It varies by region

A

C. More than other causes combined

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3
Q

Approximately how many people does tobacco kill each year?

A. 1 million
B. 3 million
C. 5 million
D. 8 million

A

D. 8 million

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4
Q

What percentage of the world’s population used tobacco in 2020?

A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 20%
D. 22.3%

A

D. 22.3%

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5
Q

How does tobacco use affect productivity?

A. It increases productivity
B. It has no effect on productivity
C. It decreases productivity
D. It varies by occupation

A

C. It decreases productivity

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6
Q

How many non-smokers die each year due to exposure to second-hand smoke?

A. 500,000
B. 1 million
C. 1.3 million
D. 2 million

A

C. 1.3 million

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7
Q

What percentage of the world’s population is exposed to second-hand smoke?

A. 10%
B. 22%
C. 35%
D. 50%

A

B. 22%

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8
Q

Which gender has a higher prevalence of tobacco use globally?

A. Men
B. Women
C. Both genders have equal prevalence
D. It varies by region

A

A. Men

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9
Q

In 2020, what percentage of men worldwide used tobacco?

A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 36.7%
D. 40%

A

C. 36.7%

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10
Q

What percentage of women worldwide used tobacco in 2020?

A. 3%
B. 5%
C. 7.8%
D. 10%

A

C. 7.8%

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11
Q

How many smokers are estimated worldwide by the WHO?

A. 500 million
B. 800 million
C. 1.3 billion
D. 2 billion

A

C. 1.3 billion

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12
Q

In which regions do around 80% of the world’s tobacco users live?

A. North America and Europe
B. South America and Africa
C. Low- and middle-income countries
D. High-income countries

A

C. Low- and middle-income countries

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13
Q

How many cigarettes are sold globally every day?

A. 5 billion
B. 10 billion
C. 15 billion
D. 20 billion

A

C. 15 billion

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14
Q

Which region has the highest rate of smoking, with almost two-thirds of men being smokers?

A. North America
B. Europe
C. East Asia/Pacific
D. Africa

A

C. East Asia/Pacific

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15
Q

Which country has the largest number of tobacco smokers?

A. India
B. China
C. United States
D. Indonesia

A

B. China

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16
Q

What is the overall prevalence of smoking in Kuwait?

A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 18%
D. 20%

A

C. 18%

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17
Q

Is smoking more prevalent among men or women in Kuwait?

A. Men
B. Women
C. Both equally
D. Data not provided

A

A. Men

women in Kuwait might be under-reporting their smoking habits

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18
Q

In which age group does Kuwait face the highest prevalence of smoking among men?

A. Older age groups
B. Middle-aged groups
C. Younger age groups
D. Data not provided

A

C. Younger age groups

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19
Q

What is the number one risk factor for lung cancer?

A. Pollution
B. Genetics
C. Tobacco smoking
D. Radiation exposure

A

C. Tobacco smoking

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20
Q

How many chemicals are present in tobacco smoke, at least known to cause cancer in people or animals?
A. Over 500
B. Around 200
C. Over 7,000
D. Around 100

A

C. Over 7,000

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21
Q

What is the relative risk of developing lung cancer for people who smoke compared to those who do not smoke?

A. 5 to 10 times higher
B. 15 to 30 times higher
C. 20 to 40 times higher
D. 50 to 100 times higher

A

B. 15 to 30 times higher

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22
Q

Which of the following cancers is NOT associated with smoking?

A. Lung cancer
B. Oral cavity cancer
C. Pancreatic cancer
D. Prostate cancer

A

D. Prostate cancer

cancers associated with smoking:
o Oral cavity, laryngeal, and pharyngeal cancer
o Esophageal cancer
o Pancreatic cancer
o Renal cell cancer
o Bladder cancer
o Cervical cancer

23
Q

True or False:

Quitting smoking at any age can lower the risk of lung cancer.

A. True
B. False

A

A. True

24
Q

How much higher is the risk of heart disease in smokers compared to non-smokers?

A. 1-2 times higher
B. 2-4 times higher
C. 5-7 times higher
D. 8-10 times higher

A

B. 2-4 times higher

25
Q

What is the approximate percentage of deaths from heart disease that are attributable to smoking?

A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 15%
D. 20%

A

D. 20%

26
Q

Which of the following is NOT a smoking-related cardiovascular disease?

A. Heart attack
B. Stroke
C. Peripheral vascular disease
D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

27
Q

Within how many years of smoking regularly do the airways develop inflammatory changes?

A. 6 months
B. 1 year
C. 2 years
D. 5 years

A

C. 2 years

28
Q

What percentage of COPD cases is attributable to cigarette smoking?

A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%

A

C. 75%

29
Q

Which of the following is NOT a maternal complication associated with cigarette smoking during pregnancy?

A. Preterm delivery
B. Stillbirth
C. High birth weight
D. Placental problems

A

C. High birth weight

30
Q

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with smoking?

A. Osteoporosis
B. Peptic ulcer disease
C. Male impotence
D. Microcephaly

A

D. Microcephaly

Conditions associated with smoking
• Osteoporosis
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Skin wrinkling
• Gallstones/cholecystitis
• Male impotence
• Premature menopause

31
Q

What percentage of smokers initiate the behavior during adolescence?

A. 50%
B. 70%
C. 90%
D. 100%

A

C. 90%

32
Q

What is one of the most effective tobacco control policies available to countries?

A. Increasing access to tobacco products
B. Decreasing taxes on tobacco products
C. Increasing taxes on tobacco products
D. Allowing smoking in public places

A

C. Increasing taxes on tobacco products

33
Q

Which international treaty commits countries to create laws and programs to reduce tobacco smoking?

A. Paris Agreement
B. Kyoto Protocol
C. Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
D. Geneva Convention

A

C. Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

34
Q

What is attributed to the decline in tobacco consumption in the US since 1960?

A. Economic factors
B. Social media campaigns
C. Governmental laws and prevention programs
D. Increased availability of tobacco products
E. Cigarette advertising

A

E. Cigarette advertising

35
Q

How can smoking trends be reversed in Kuwait, according to the passage?

A. Through economic incentives
B. By promoting tobacco consumption
C. Through leadership and political will
D. By ignoring the issue
E. Limited government intervention

A

C. Through leadership and political will

36
Q
  1. What is the main message regarding smoking trends in Kuwait?A. Smoking trends are irreversible
    B. Smoking trends require international intervention
    C. Reversing smoking trends requires leadership and political will
    D. Smoking trends are insignificant
A

C. Reversing smoking trends requires leadership and political will

37
Q

What is the risk reduction for coronary heart disease events one year after quitting smoking?

A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
E. 100%

A

C. 50%

38
Q

How much lower is the risk of developing lung cancer ten years after quitting compared to a continuing smoker?

  • A. 10-20%
  • B. 30-50%
  • C. 60-80%
  • D. 90-100%
  • E. No difference
A

B. 30-50%

39
Q

When does the additional risk of heart disease after quitting smoking become the same as someone who never smoked?

A. Five years after quitting
B. Ten years after quitting
C. Fifteen years after quitting
D. Twenty years after quitting
E. Never

A

C. Fifteen years after quitting

40
Q

What is the likelihood of dying during the next 15 years for people aged 60 to 64 who quit smoking compared to regular smokers?

A. 10% less likely
B. 10% more likely
C. 25% less likely
D. 50% less likely
E. No difference

A

A. 10% less likely

41
Q

Amount of current smokers trying to quit each year?

A. Less than 10%
B. Around 25%
C. Almost 1/2
D. About 1/3

A

D. About 1/3

42
Q

Which of the following is a first-line pharmacological treatment for smoking cessation?

A. Acetaminophen
B. Bupropion
C. Cetirizine
D. Ranitidine
E. Metformin

A

B. Bupropion

43
Q

How long are nicotine replacement products typically needed during smoking cessation treatment?

A. 1-2 weeks
B. 6-12 weeks
C. 3-6 months
D. 12-18 months
E. Indefinitely

A

B. 6-12 weeks

44
Q

What is emphasized as being more important than pharmacological therapy in the process of smoking cessation?

A. Psychological aspect
B. Pharmacological aspect
C. Social aspect
D. Environmental aspect
A

A. Psychological aspect

45
Q

Who recommends screening for lung cancer in a targeted “high risk” population?

A. World Health Organization
B. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C. American Cancer Society
D. US Preventive Services Task Force

A

D. US Preventive Services Task Force

46
Q

Which imaging technique is recommended for lung cancer screening?

A. MRI
B. Low-Dose CT scanning
C. PET scan
D. Chest X-ray
E. Ultrasound

A

B. Low-Dose CT scanning

47
Q

What is the age range for smokers recommended for lung cancer screening?

A. 30-60 years
B. 50-80 years old
C. 40-70 years old
D. 60-90 years old
- E. 70-100 years old

A

B. 50-80 years old

48
Q

How many pack-years of smoking history are required for eligibility for lung cancer screening?

A. 10 years
B. 20 years or more
C. 5 years or more
D. 30 years or more
E. Any amount of smoking history

A

B. 20 years or more

49
Q

If a smoker quit smoking more than how many years ago, the USPSTF does not recommend lung cancer screening?

A. 5 years ago
B. 10 years ago
C. 15 years ago
D. 20 years ago

A

C. 15 years ago

50
Q

What do e-cigarettes vaporize to produce inhalable aerosol?

A. Water
B. Nicotine
C. Tobacco
D. Liquid containing nicotine
E. Carbon dioxide

A

D. Liquid containing nicotine

51
Q

True or False:

E-cigarettes are considered safe and effective tools for tobacco smoking cessation.

A. True
B. False

A

False

52
Q

What is one potential risk of fetal exposure to e-cigarettes?

A

Nicotine itself has a role in neurodegeneration, and
may also be linked to brain development problems in fetuses and infants exposed to it.

53
Q

Which organization has warned about the risks of inhaling secondhand e-cigarette emissions?

A. World Health Organization
B. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C. U.S. Surgeon General
D. American Cancer Society

A

C. U.S. Surgeon General

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