Lumbar

Question 1

A defect in the pars interarticularis or the arch of the vertebrae

Answer 1

Spondylolysis

Question 2

A forward displacement of one vertebra over another

Answer 2

Spondylolisthesis

Question 3

Backward displacement of one vertebrae on another

Answer 3

Retrolisthesis

Question 4

Resting position of lumbar spine

Answer 4

Midway between flexion and extension

Question 5

Closed pack position for lumbar spine

Answer 5

Full extension

Question 6

Capsular pattern of restriction for lumbar spine

Answer 6

Side flexion and rotation equally limited

Side flex = Rotation

Question 7

The disc bulges posteriorly without rupture of the annulus fibrosis

Answer 7

Protrusion

Question 8

Only the outermost fibers of the annulus fibrosis contains the nucleus

Answer 8

Prolapse

Question 9

Annulus fibrosis is perforated and discal material moves into the epidural space

Answer 9

Extrusion

Question 10

Formation of discal fragments from the annulus fibrosis and nucleus prolapses outside the disc proper

Answer 10

Sequestration

Question 11

Degeneration of the intravertebral disk

Answer 11

Spondylosis

Question 12

If a patient is having difficulty with micturition (urination)

Answer 12

There may be a condition involving more than a lumbar spine for example myelopathy, cauda equine syndrome, tabes or Dorsalis, tumor, (MS) multiple sclerosis

Question 13

What is pelvic crossed syndrome

Answer 13

It is to show the effect of muscle imbalance. This syndrome is hypothyroid is that there is a combination of week, long muscles and short, strong muscles. which resulted in an imbalance pattern leading to low back pain

Question 14

What is Uppercross syndrome

Answer 14

A combination of week long muscles and short strong muscles resulting in an imbalance pattern

Question 15

Active movements of the lumbar spine

Answer 15

Forward flexion 40° to 60°
Extension 20° to 35°
Side lateral flexion left and right 15° to 20°
Rotation left and right 3° to 18°

Question 16

What is normal movement for the sacral iliac

Answer 16

• When the examiners left some moves down as the patient raises the left leg with full hip flexion
• they examiners left thumb moves laterally as the patient raises the left leg with full hip flexion when the examiners left thumb is on the ischial tuberosity

Question 17

What is the movement when the sacroiliac joint is fixated

Answer 17

• The examiners left thumb moves upward as a patient raises the left leg.
• Examiners left thumb is on ischial tuberosity and it moves slightly upward as the patient raises the left leg

Question 18

What does babindki tests for?

Answer 18

A positive for the test or reflex suggest an upper motor neuron lesion if present on both sides and may be evident in the lower motor neuron lesion if seen only on one side.

Question 19

What does slump test for?

Answer 19

A reproduction of the patients pathological symptoms not just the production of symptoms. The test places stress on certain tissues so some discomfort or pain is not necessarily symptomatic for the problem.

Question 20

What does the Valsalva maneuver test for?

Answer 20

Pain in intra abdominal intra thoracic region. If pain increases it indicates increased intrathecal pressure

Question 21

What does Kemps test for?

Answer 21

This test causes minimum narrowing of the intravertebral Foraman and stress on the facet joint to the side of which rotation occurs. If it is a positive symptoms are reproduced