lung pressure/histology/misc notes Flashcards
alveolar pressure
pressure inside alveoli. slightly negative, allows for normal quiet inspiration
atmospheric pressure
air pressure, opposes alveolar pressure
pleural pressure
pressure of fluid in thin space between lung pleura and the chest wall pleura. Negative pressure. keeps lungs open to their resting level
transplumonary pressure
difference between alveolar pressure and pleural pressure. measures elastic forces in lung. AKA recoil pressure
compliance
how far the lung will expand per unit of increased transpulmonary pressure. dependent on 1 elastic forces of lung itself 2 surface tension of fluids in and around the lung surface tension b/c lung wants to collapse. lack of surfactant at birth (usually premature birth)= acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). =neonatal hyaline membrane disease
Lung histology entire lung
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (pcce) (except alveolar sacs =simple squamous epithelium)
type 1 pneumocytes
gas exchange
type 2 pneumocytes
surfactant=>decrease surface tension
dust cells
macrophages
J cells
AKA goblet cells. produce mucus. defense mechanism in case of noxious air
cupola
apex of lung/cervical pleura. above clavicle
where is the carina of trachea
sternal angle
pulmonary ligament
creates the potential space for breathing. it is inferior to the root of the lung
fluid in the lungs collect where?
costo-diaphragmatic recess
when is pressure greatest
bottom of inspiration
