LUNGS

Question 1

Soft and low pitched breath sounds, heard over most of the lung

Answer 1

vesicular

Question 2

intermediately loud breath sound – normally heard in the 1st and 2nd interspaces anteriorly and btw scapulae posteriorly (if heard other places = probably fluid filled space or solid lung tissue)

Answer 2

bronchovesicular sound

Question 3

Loud breath sound normally heard only over the manubrium

Answer 3

bronchial

Question 4

Loud breath sound heard over the trachea

Answer 4

tracheal

Question 5

Is breathing a negative or positive system?

Answer 5

negative

Question 6

the uncomfortable awareness that one is breathing at a level that is unusual for a typical level of activity. It warrants complete questioning about cardiac and pulmonary sources

Answer 6

dyspnea

Question 7

there is a ventilation perfusion mismatch. That portion of the lung will still be ventilated (you are still breathing), but there is no oxygen perfusion into the blood stream

Answer 7

Pulmonary embolism

Question 8

Leg swelling and pain (usually unilateral leg edema)
Pain on ambulation (if clot is in leg)
Sudden onset shortness of breath and chest pain
Decreased O2 Sat
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
All signs and symptoms of what?

Answer 8

Pulmonary Embolism

Question 9

Air within the thoracic cavity, usually only a portion of a lung collapses.

Answer 9

Pneumothorax

Question 10

Bacterial, viral, fungal, mycoplasma or mycobacterial infection of the lungs.
Affects the small airways, primarily the alveoli

Answer 10

pneumonia

Question 11

? It is a loss of airspace caused by obliteration of the air containing alveoli

Answer 11

consolidation

Question 12

“whited out” area on an X ray

Answer 12

consolidation

Question 13

An abnormal amount of fluid collection in the space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura

Answer 13

pleural effusion

Question 14

This can be related to failure of other body system, subsequent leakage of fluid from the blood vessels into the potential space or inflammation of the pleura from other causes .

Answer 14

pleural effusion

Question 15

Generic term describing the pain associated with pleural inflammation.
Inflammation of the pleural linings that causes the lining to roughen and cause discomfort (and perhaps a pleural friction rub) on deep inspiration (pleuritic chest pain)

Answer 15

pleurisy

Question 16

Inflammation of the lining of the smaller airways (the bronchioles) as a result of virus (most common) or bacteria, inflammation causes thickening of the lining and mucous production.

Answer 16

bronchitis

Question 17

The alveoli become overdistended and the alveolar septa are destroyed
The lung parenchyma is affected and loses normal elasticity. The bronchioles are in part held open by the normal elasticity of the lung.
There is chronic obstruction of the airways because of the lung changes

Answer 17

Emphysema (COPD)

Question 18

Excessive production of mucus, productive cough for greater than 3-6 months and lasting longer than two years

Answer 18

chronic bronchitis

Question 19

Excess collection of watery fluid in the lungs
May be in the alveolar space itself or in the lung tissue between the capillary walls and the alveoli.
May be cardiogenic or non cardiogenic

Answer 19

pulmonary edema

Question 20

The most common cause of cardiogenic pulomary edema is what?

Answer 20

congestive heart failure

Question 21

Is a Reactive Airway Disease
Resulting from inflammatory changes of the airway
Is reversible usually
Lining of the bronchioles becomes edematous in reaction to inflammation

Answer 21

asthma

Question 22

Caused by obstruction (either mucus or foreign body)
The affected lung tissue collapses into an airless state.
Different from “lung collapse”. The lung tissue itself collapses, compresses, but it does not pull away from the supporting structures

Answer 22

Atelectasis

Question 23

Patients that are this, describe a slightly different feeling with regard to shortness of breath. They may feel as though they are smothering or are unable to get enough air. Hyperventilating patients often describe tingling fingertips/extremtities and numbness around the lips.

Answer 23

anxious/anxiety

Question 24

Chronic cough would be a cough lasting more than 3 months? True or false?

Answer 24

False-3 weeks

Question 25

Although these are usually respiratory in origin, they may also be due to cardiovascular issues such as left heart failure

Answer 25

cough

Question 26

Clear mucoid we would think what?

Answer 26

asthma/allergy

Question 27

yellow/green phlegm we would think?

Answer 27

acute/chronic bronchitis or acute pneumonia

Question 28

Prior to calling the expectoration hemoptysis it must be determined that the source is the lungs, not the

Answer 28

nose, mouth, throat, GI tract

Question 29

What would we see coughed up in TB or cystic fibrosis?

Answer 29

blood

Question 30

Adventitious sounds:

Musical notes may be heard on inspiration or expiration

snoring sounds, indicative of mucus in small airways

indicative of fluid overload, hear the airways popping open

Answer 30

wheezing

rhonchi

rales

Question 31

are musical respiratory sounds that indicate partial airway obstruction by inflammation, secretions or foreign body

Answer 31

wheezing

Question 32

It is most easily palpable over the second intercostal area in the front or over the interscapular area in the back

Answer 32

tactile fremitus

Question 33

in instances of a thick chest wall, bronchopulmonary obstruction, pleural effusion, pneumothorax or tumor, would there be an increase or decrease in tactile fremitus?

Answer 33

decrease because more air is in the thoracic cavity

Question 34

consolidation within the lung, like a pneumonia and in some instances atelectasis, increase or decrease in tactile fremitus?

Answer 34

increase, less air in the thoracic cavity

Question 35

Percussion notes:
1. Sounds like percussing your thigh

2. the liver usually makes this sound
3. healthy lung sounds do this
4. this sound is very resonant, not normal on the body
5. sounds like a drum, like over the stomach bubble or puffed out cheek

Answer 35

flat
dull
resonant
hyperresonant 
tympanitic

Question 36

Normal diaphragmatic excursion is about

Answer 36

5-6cm

Question 37

If this is present, the affected side would not fully expand or show full excursion on inspiration.

Answer 37

diaphragamtic paralysis

Question 38

Uneven levels of “excursion” can be due to abnormalities such as

Answer 38

pleural effusion, atelectasis or diaphragmatic paralysis

Question 39

Vesicular sounds stop being heard when?

Answer 39

1/2 through expiration

Question 40

bronchovesicular sounds are equal in expiration/inspiration duration?

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

Bronchial inspiratory sounds are longer in duration? True or false?

Answer 41

false, expiration