M1 L3 building blocks of life Flashcards
Outline the relationship between molecular “building blocks” and higher order structures in cells. • Identify the structures of the major types of macromolecules in cells. • Describe the roles of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids in cells.
1
Q
Name building blocks
A
- Amino acids
- nucleobases
- simpls carbonhydrates
- Lipids
2
Q
Name macromolecules
A
- Proteins
- DNA and RNA
- complex carbohydrates
- lipids
3
Q
name supramolecular assemblies
A
membranes
ribosomes
chromatin
4
Q
name organells
A
nucleus
Mitochondria
golgi
Endoplasmic reticulumn
5
Q
chain of structures of cells
A
Building blocks —> Macromolecules —-> supramolecules —-> organells
6
Q
Monosaccharides (know the structure)
A
- Building blocks od higher carbohydrates
- hexose suger
glucose, Galactose, Fructose, - pentose
deoxyribose, Ribose —–> nucleic acid
7
Q
Disaccharides carbohydrates
A
- made up of monosacchrides due to condenstaion reaction, water is formed.
8
Q
Oligosacchrides carbohydrates
A
- made up of 3-10 monosacchrides (polymer)
9
Q
Pollysacchrides carbohydrtaes ( know structure)
A
- made up of 11 or more monosacchrides
- Important ones to know cellulose amylose glycogen starch
10
Q
carbohydrate function
A
- cell recognition
carbohydrates attaches to cell surface - energy storage
starch in plants and glycogen in animals - structure
cell wall of plants
eg cellulose
11
Q
Lipids
A
- macromolecule
- Not polymer
- heletrogenous (loves water)
TAG, steriods, phospolipids, glycolipids, fat soluble vitamins - Hydrophobic
12
Q
Lipids function
A
- structural function
cholestrola and phospolipids in cell membrane - regulatory
testostrone, estrogen, cholestrol - energy
13
Q
Nucleic acid functions
A
- Information molecules
- DNA
- RNA
14
Q
proteins
A
- all begins from DNA —> one gene can give rise to one or many genes
15
Q
Protein function
A
- structural
collagen – protein in skin and bone - regulatory
insulin — for regulating blood suger level - contractile
actin and myosin – muscle protein
-Transport
Haemoglobin — carries oxygen around the body
- storage
egg white - protective
antibodies —-Immune protein and attack bacteria - catalytic
amylase - enzyme that breaks down amylose to glucose
-Toxic
