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2X Chemistry > Main Group Chemistry > Flashcards

Main Group Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what is group 1 called

A

Alkaline metals

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2
Q

what is group 2 called

A

alkaline earths

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3
Q

what happens down group 1 +why

A

reactivity increases as outer electron becomes easier to loose

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4
Q

define ionisation energy

A

energy required to remove the most loosely-bound electron

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5
Q

what structure do halides have

A

6,6 rock salt structure

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6
Q

describe the enthalpies of formation of group 1 halides

A

large+ negative

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7
Q

what does the reaction between a hydrogen and a group 1 element produce

A

ionic (saline) hydrides

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8
Q

what is sodium hydrogen carbonate used in

A

-fire extinguishers
-a raising agent

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9
Q

how is sodium carbonate prepared

A

by bubbling Co2 through a saturated solution of sodium carbonate

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10
Q

how do group 1 elements react with water

A

violently

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11
Q

what are metal-ammonia solutions used as

A

reducing agents

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12
Q

why do chelating ligands form more

A
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13
Q

what’s a complex ion

A

-ligand+ metal cation
-an ion that contains 1 or more ligands attached to a central metal cation via a dative covalent bond

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14
Q

how do you find out the coordination number

A

it’s the same number as the number of ligands attached to the metal cation

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15
Q

what are the 2 types of valence transition metal ions can have

A

-primary
-secondary

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16
Q

how do you find primary valence

A

same as oxidation state of metal cation

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17
Q

how do you find secondary valence

A

same as coordination number

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18
Q

if the coordination number is 6, what is the shape of the metal coordination complex

A

octahedral

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19
Q

if the coordination number is 4, what shapes can the metal coordination complex be

A

-tetrahedral
-square planar

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20
Q

what is the general trend for the charge on the metal cation and coordination number

A

as charge increase, coordination number increases(as it binds to more ligands)

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21
Q

define a unidentate/monodentate ligand

A

the ligand only makes one interaction with the metal ion

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22
Q

list some monodentate ligands

A

H20
NH3
Cl-
CN-
SCN-

23
Q

define a bidentate ligand

A

forms 2 interactions per molecule

24
Q

list some examples of bidentate ligands

A

-ethylenediamine(En)
-COOCOO

25
Q

how are electrides formed

A

alkalia metals +crown ethers

26
Q

define enthalpy of hydration

A

release of energy as interactions form between the metal ion+water molecules

27
Q

in terms of enthalpy of hydration when is the salt water-soluble

A

if the hydration enthalpy of a salt is equal to or greater than the lattice enthalpy

28
Q

are most group 1 salts soluble or insoluble

A

water-soluble

29
Q

what is group 15 called

A

the pnictogens

30
Q

what is nitrogens elemental form

A

N2, possessing a very strong NtriplebondN

31
Q

describe nitrogen

A

-very electronegative
-very unreactive

32
Q

why is N2 much more electronegative than their group15 elements

A

as its very small

33
Q

how are nitrides of metals made

A

-metal elements+nitrogen
-thermal decomposition of an amide complex

34
Q

what’s NH3 boiling temp

A

-33degrees celcius

35
Q

why is NH3 boiling temp much higher than other hydrides in group15

A

due to extensive hydrogen bonding

36
Q

how can you calculate the number of ‘extra’ electrons that will go into making lone pairs

A

E=A-X
A, number of valence electrons on neutral central atom
X, Number of bonds central atom makes to other things

37
Q

what’s the structure of NH3

A

trigonal pyramid

38
Q

what’s a Lewis base

A

donates a lone pair

39
Q

what’s a Lewis acid

A

accepts a lone pair

40
Q

is ammonia a Lewis base or acid

A

Lewis base

41
Q

what form of nitrogen forms salts

A

NH4+, ammonium

42
Q

what’s an azide

A

N3-

43
Q

what shape is N3-

A

linear

44
Q

describe the structure of N3-

A

-central N atom has 5 valence electrons :
-it makes 2 double bonds to the 2 N beside
-it has a positive charge, so an e- is taken off

45
Q

why are azide salts often unstable

A

due to their tendency to decompose explosively with release of N2 gas

46
Q

what’s the formula of nitrous oxide

A

N2O

47
Q

what’s the formula of nitric oxide

A

NO

48
Q

what is NO oxidation state

A

+2

49
Q

what are sources of NO

A

-lightening strikes
-internal combustion engines

50
Q

what formula does nitrite have

A

NO2-

51
Q

what shape is the nitrite ion

A

symmetric +bent

52
Q
A
53
Q
A

2X Chemistry (3 decks)

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