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Finals - Infectious Diseases > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main causative organism of malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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2
Q

What are the 5 types of malaria?

A 
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium knowlesi
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3
Q

What is the incubation period of plasmodium falciparum?

A

7-14 days

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4
Q

What area is endemic for malaria?

A

Africa

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5
Q

What drugs are used in malaria prophylaxis?

A 
Chloroquine and/or proguanil
Atovaquone/progguanil
Mefloquine
Doxycycline
Proguanil
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6
Q

What are some differential diagnosis of malaria?

A 
Typhoid
Hepatitis
Dengue
Avian Influenza
MERS-CoV
HIV
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Viral haemorrhagic fever
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7
Q

What investigations would you do for suspected malaria?

A

Three thick & thin blood films at least 24hrs apart for microscopy
FBC, U&E, LFTs, glucose, lactate, clotting
Blood cultures
Blood gas

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8
Q

What is a thick blood film able to show?

A

To calculate the % of blood cells parasitized and determine whether the parasite is present.

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9
Q

What is a thin blood film able to show?

A

The morphology and plasmodium species present

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10
Q

What is significant about the & parasitaemia?

A

A parasitaemia >2% is associated with increased chance of developing severe disease.
A parasitaemia of >10% is considered to represent severe disease.
(Calculated on thick film)

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11
Q

What is the treatment of complicated falciparum malaria?

A

IV Artesunate

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12
Q

What is the treatment of benign malaria?

A

Chloroquine

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13
Q

How would you monitor response to treatment?

A

Clinically (routine observations, daily symptom review etc.)
12 hourly blood films to monitor parasitaemia
Daily bloods to monitor for evidence of anaemia, clotting derrangements and developing end organ failure

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14
Q

What are the clinical features of severe/complicated malaria?

A 
Renal impairment
pH <7.3
Parasitaemia >10%
Spontaneous bleeding/DIC
Impaired consciousness or seizures
BM 2.1
Pulmonary oedema/ARDs
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15
Q

What are the features of uncomplicated malaria?

A 
Parasitaemia <2%
pH 7.5
BM 5.4
Alert &amp; Orientated
Haemoglobin <90g/L
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Finals - Infectious Diseases (10 decks)

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