male genital organs

Question 1

male genital organs

Answer 1

internal:
testes
epididymes
deferent duct
seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral glands

External;
scrotum
penis

Question 2

Testis

Answer 2

ca 4x3x2 og 10-15gr

-reproductive organ (spermatogenesis) og endocrine gland (leydig cells-testosterone)

Position;
In scrotum (but intraabdominal dev. followed by descent of fetal testes)

External description;
ovoid in shape
compressed from side to side

*surfaces; medial og lateral
*margines; ant og post
*extremeties; sup og inf

Question 3

testis, inner structure

Answer 3

*Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis (epiorchium);
Peritoneal processus vaginalis (whose formation precedes the descend of fetal testis from abd. to scrotum)

*Tunica albuginea;
dense fibr. membrane, gives off septa
—> dividing testis into lobules

*Tunica vasculosa/erythroidea;
plx of blood vessels, lines inner surf of tunica albuginea + covers the septa

Question 4

Testis, lobules

Answer 4

-contain;
a) convulated seminiferous tubules (site of spermatogenesis)
b)straight seminiferous tubules
3) interstitial cells of leydig (prod. testosterone)

–> straight seminiferous tubules conn. to collecting chamber;
1) Rete testis (In mediastinum testes)
2) efferent ductules; arise from rete testis and enter head of epidydimis.

Question 5

Testis, mediastinum

Answer 5

In dorsocranial part of testis

*Contains; fibr.tissue, rete testis + vessels.

Question 6

Testis, pathway

Answer 6

conv. seminiferous tubulues –>
straight seminiferous tubules –>
rete testis —>
efferent ductules –>
duct of epidydimis –>
deferent duct

Question 7

Epididymis

Answer 7

-ca 4-5cm -reservoir of sperm cells

-position; in scrotum, along post.border of testis
-Cov by visceral layer of tunica vaginalis testis

*head( hér efferent ducts, sem cont. into duct of epididymis.)
*body og tail (duct of epididymis runs here)

Question 8

Testis og epididymis, supply

Answer 8

Blood supply;
Testicular artery (from abd. aorta)
Pampiniform plx–>into testicular veins–>into IVC

L.drainage;
Lumbar l.nodes
From cauda epididymis to spf inguinal l.nodes

Nerve supply:
Testicular plx—>
symp.fibers from coeliac plx into ganglion spermaticum,
hypogastric plx superior + inferior
Parasymp. fibers from vagus nerve
Sensory to spinal segment T10

Question 9

Deferent duct

Answer 9

ca 40 cm, lumen ca 1cm
-It’s a cont. of duct of epididymis (it transport sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct)

*It runs in;
-scrotum
-spermatic cord
-inguinal canal
-abd.cav and pelvis

*Terminal p. enlarged into ampulla, sem conn w. ´duct of seminal vesicles to form–> Ejaculatory duct

*Ejaculatory duct opens into prostatic part of urethra
–> into seminal colliculus

Question 10

Deferent duct, relations

Answer 10

A) in scrotum:
behind testis + epididymis

B) In spermatic cord and inguinal canal:
testicular vessels (testicular a + pampiniform plx)

C) In abd. cavity:
ext. iliac vessels
inf. epigastric vessels

D) In pelvis;
obturator vessels + nerve
ureter
seminal vesicles
rectum
urinary bladder

-Wall:
mucosa, smooth muscle, adventitia

Question 11

Spermatic cord

Answer 11

Runs in scrotum and inguinal canal
-It contains:
a)deferent duct
b)artery og nervous plx of deferent duct
c)testicular artery
d)testicular plexus
e)pampiniform plx (venous plx, in abd it becomes testicular veins)
f) l.vessels

*Spermatic cord ensheathed in;
1)Internal spermatic fascia
2)Cremaster muscle
3)Cremaster fascia
4)External spermatic fascia

Question 12

Deferent duct, supply

Answer 12

Blood supply;
Artery of deferent duct (from internal iliac A)
Venous drainage to pampiniform plx and vesical plx

L.drainage:
internal og external iliac l.nodes

Nerve supply:
Inferior hypogastric plx–>
-symp. fibers from segments L1-L3
-parasymp. fibers from segment S2-S4

Question 13

Seminal vesicles

Answer 13

accessory gland, ca 4cm
*The fluid from it contains fructose as energy source for the sperms + prostaglandins for mobility and viability of the sperm.

-Duct of seminal vesicles + duct of deferens = ejaculatory duct

*elongated sacs, cranially cov. by peritoneum-rectovesical pouch
*They are positioned in rectovesical septum

relations;
Medially - deferent duct
Cranially - ureter, rectum, bladder

Question 14

Seminal vesicles

Answer 14

accessory gland, ca 4cm
*The fluid from it contains fructose as energy source for the sperms + prostaglandins for mobility and viability of the sperm.

-Duct of seminal vesicles + duct of deferens = ejaculatory duct

*elongated sacs, cranially cov. by peritoneum-rectovesical pouch
*They are positioned in rectovesical septum

relations;
Medially - deferent duct
Cranially - ureter, rectum, bladder

Question 15

Seminal vesicles, supply

Answer 15

Blood supply;
Artery of deferent duct
Middle rectal artery
inf + sup vesical aa
-Venous drainage to prostatic and vesical plx

L.drainage;
internal + external iliac l.nodes

Nerve supply;
Inf. hypogastric plx—>
-symp fibers from segments L1-L3
-parasymp. fibers from segments S2-S4

Question 16

Prostate

Answer 16

-Prod. alkaline fluid to neutralize acidity of vagina
-contains spermine and prostaglandines for mobility og viability of the sperms

-An accessory gland. ca 20gr

External description;
a) Base - directed tow. urinary bladder
b) Apex - dir. tow urogenital diaphragm
c) anterior surf - puboprostatic ligg
d) posterior surf
e) inferolateral surf - dir. tow. pelvic diaphragm

Question 17

Prostate, relations

Answer 17

Base (urinary bladder)
Apex (urogenital diaphragm)
Post. surf (rectum)
Ant. surf (retropubic space, pubic symphysis)
Inferolateral surf (pelvic diaphragm)

Question 18

Prostate, lobes

Answer 18

-Urethra + ejaculatory duct divide the prostate into lobes–>
Right, Left and Middle

*Middle lobe may be hypertrophied in older male and press the urethra and impede passage of urine

Isthmus of prostate;
The narrow middle p. of prostate, anterior to the urethra
–> contains only fibromuscular stroma, no follicles

Question 19

Prostate, inner structure

Answer 19

-Is enveloped by thin firm capsule
-Glandular structures/follicles embedded into fibromuscular stroma
-Excretory ducts open into prostatic p. of urethra
-

Question 20

Prostate, supply

Answer 20

Blood supply;
middle rectal A
inf. vesical A
internal pudendal A
-Venous drainage to prostatic venous plx

L.drainage;
internal og external iliac l.nodes
sacral l.nodes

Nerve supply;
inferior hypogastric plexus–>
-Symp fibers from segments L1-L3
-Parasymp fibers from segments S2-S4

Question 21

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 21

small accessory glands um 1cm

*they are on the side of the bulb of penis
on inf surf of urogenital diaphragm

*ducts open into spongy p. of urethra

*Secretion contributes to lubrication of urethra
+ pre-ejaculatory emission from penis
+ neutralizes acidity of urine residues in urethra

Question 22

Scrotum

Answer 22

contains;
-testis -epididymis -spermatic cords

*scrotum is divided into 2 separate cavities by septum
—> serous cavities of scrotum (subdivision seen on surf. by raphe of scrotum)

*Cavities of scrotum lined w parietal layer of tunica vaginalis (periorchium) remains of peritoneum

Question 23

Scrotum. layers

Answer 23

a) skin - thin, brownish, folded, w hair + sebaceous glands,
en no fat!
b) dartos muscle - thin smooth m. layer (thermoregulation)

c) ext. spermatic fascia - derived from fascia of obliquus abdominis externus muscle
d) cremaster muscle + cremaster fascia - derived from obliquus abdominis internus + transversus abdominis mm + their fascias.

e) internal spermatic fascia - derived from transversalis fascia
f) parietal layer of tunica vaginalis

Question 24

Scrotum, supply

Answer 24

Blood supply;
-post. scrotal aa (from internal pudendal A)
-ant. scrotal aa (from external pudendal A)
-cremasteric a (from inf. epigastric A)
– Venous drainage into int+ext pudendal veins

L.drainage;
-ext. iliac l.nodes
-spf. inguinal l.nodes

Nerve supply;
Sensory - pudendal n + ilioinguinal n + genital br of genitofemoral n

Cremaster m; genital br of genitofemoral n

Tunica dartos; symp. fibers

Question 25

Penis, root

Answer 25

ROOT=
-fixed part
-formed by; crura of penis + bulb of penis

a)Crura of penis;
-elongated bodies of erectile tissue
-att. to pubic + ischial rami
-cov w ischiocavernous m
-they cont. into corpora cavernosa of the body of penis

b) Bulb of penis;
-rounded body of erectile tissue
-conn to the urogenital diaphragm!
-cont. into corpus spongiosus of penis
-urethra enters superior surf
-cov w bulbospongiosus m.

Question 26

Penis, body

Answer 26

2 surfaces –> dorsum and urethral surfaces

-consists of corpora cavernonsa + corpus spongiosum

-Body of penis conn. to pubis by;

a)fundiform ligg
(spf p. of suspensory ligg, att to upper edge of pubic symphysis)

b)suspensory ligg (att. penis to pubic symphysis)

Question 27

Penis, body

Answer 27

1) Corpora cavernosa;
-Ventral cont. of crura of penis
-enclosed by tunica albuginea
-They are separated by septum of penis

2) Corpus spongiosum
-ventral cont. of bulb of penis
-placed in groove below the corpora cavernosa
-terminal p. enlarged into–> Glans of penis

*Glans of penis;
-conical shape
-corona glandis og collum glandis
-ext. urethral orifice opens on top of glans

Question 28

Penis

Answer 28

-Skin; thin, no fat

*On the body, loosely att to deep fascia by the superficial fascia

*On the gland, firmly att to the deep fascia

*Skin on collum glandis–> folded to form prepuce of penis
(foreskin), overlapping the glans

*Prepucial sac, separates glans from prepuce
*Frenulum of prepuce, conn the prepuce to urethral surf of penis

*Preputial glands, prod the smegma.

Question 29

Penis, supply

Answer 29

Blood supply;
-dorsalis penis artery
-deep artery of penis (from int. pudendal A)
–Venous drainage; dorsal superficial veins of penis into external pudendal veins
–Deep veins of penis, dorsal vein of penis into
venosus prostatic plexus

L.drainage;
-ext. iliac l.nodes
-superficial inguinal l.nodes

Nerve supply;
Sensory - pudendal n
Autonomic inferior hypogastric plx–>
a)symp fibers; vasoconstriction
b)parasymp fibers; cavernous nerves, vasodilation.