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NURS344 > male genitourinary system (chapter 25) > Flashcards

male genitourinary system (chapter 25) Flashcards

1
Q

what structures are included in the external male genital?

A

penis, scrotum

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2
Q

what structures are included in the internal male genital?

A

testis, epididymis, vas deferens

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3
Q

what glandular structures are accessory to genital organs?

A

prostate, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands

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4
Q

what are the three cylindric columns of erectile tissues?

A

2 corpora cavernosa (dorsal), corpus spongiosum (ventrally)

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5
Q

where are glans located?

A

distal end of shaft, corpus spongiosum -> cone of erectile tissue (corona= shoulder, glans join shaft)

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6
Q

why is the urethra considered as a conduit for both the genital and urinary systems?

A

urine (bladder) and semen (ejaculatory ducts) pass through urethra at different times

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7
Q

what’s the foreskin (prepuce)?

A

forms hood/flap over glans (often removed by circumcision)

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8
Q

name the fold of the foreskin that extends from urethral meatus ventrally

A

frenulum

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9
Q

what is the loose protective sac and is the continuation of the abdominal wall?

A

scrotum

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10
Q

what does the scrotal wall consist of?

A

thin skin lying in folds (rugae) & underlying cremaster muscle

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11
Q

describe the function of the cremaster muscle

A

controls size of scrotum (responds to ambient temp)

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12
Q

describe the testes

A

solid oval shape, suspended vertically by spermatic cord, produces sperm

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13
Q

why is the left testis lower than the right?

A

left spermatic cord is longer

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14
Q

what’s the double-layered membrane that covers each testis and separates it from the scrotal wall?

A

tunica vaginalis

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15
Q

describe the epididymis

A

-main storage site of sperm
-coiled duct system
-comma-shaped structure, curved over top, posterior surface of testis

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16
Q

describe the vas deferens

A

-muscular duct
-cont. with lower part of epididymis and with other vessels -> form spermatic cord

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17
Q

what joins the duct of seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct?

A

the vas deferens (back & down, behind bladder)

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18
Q

where does the ejaculatory duct empty?

A

urethra

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19
Q

where does the spermatic cord run through?

A

inguinal canal of abdomen (ascends along posterior border of testis)

20
Q

what drains into the inguinal lymph nodes?

A

lymphatics of penis and scrotal surface

21
Q

what drains into the abdomen?

A

lymphatics of testes (not accessible to clinical exam)

22
Q

what is a potential site for hernia development and is a juncture of the lower abdominal wall/thigh?

A

inguinal area (groin)

23
Q

what are the openings in the inguinal canal?

A

-internal ring (1-2cm above midpt. of inguinal ligament)
-external ring (above + lateral to pubis)

24
Q

where do the testes develop prenatally?

A

abdominal cavity near kidneys

25
Q

what happens to the size of testes during prepubertal years?

A

slight increase in size

26
Q

what’s the first sign of puberty in boys?

A

enlargement of testes

27
Q

what follows the enlargement of testes during puberty?

A

pubic hair -> increase in penis size

28
Q

T/F: men experience a definite end to fertility like women do

A

FALSE (sperm production decreases around 40, but continues on into 80s and 90s)

29
Q

why are physical changes not evident later in life for men?

A

testosterone production declines after 30 but continues gradually

30
Q

what are some physical changes that occur with a decrease in testosterone production?

A

-pubic hear & penis size decreases
-testes decrease in size, less firm to palpation
-increase in connective tissues in tubules (thickened and produce less sperm)
-decrease tone of dartos muscle

31
Q

what happens when there’s a decrease tone of dartos muscle?

A

scrotal contents hang lower, rugae decreases, scrotum is pendulous

32
Q

in the absence of disease, what are some causes of withdrawal from sexual activity?

A

-loss of spouse, depression, preoccupation with work
-martial or family conflicts
-side effects of med, heavy alcohol use
-lack of privacy, living with kids or nursing home
-economic or emotional stress
-poor nutrition or fatigue

33
Q

what are the benefits of circumcisions according to the AAP?

A

-men: lower risk for certain STI (HPV, herpes simplex virus, genital ulcer disease
-women: decrease risk for bacterial vaginosis & trichomoniasis
-reduced risk for contracting HIV infection (heterosexual contact)

34
Q

what are the two main causes of kidney failure (ESRD)?

A

hypertension & diabetes

35
Q

what is the most common risk factor along with occupational exposure to chemicals for bladder cancer?

A

smoking

36
Q

what type of cancer do you assess for painless hematuria?

A

bladder cancer

37
Q

what type of subjective data questions do you want to ask about urinary habits?

A

frequency, urgency, nocturia

38
Q

what’s dysuria (ask about when collecting subjective data)?

A

pain or burning with urinating

39
Q

what type of subjective data questions do you want to ask about urine flow?

A

hesitancy, straining, changes in force stream, dribbling, UTIs

40
Q

what do you ask about getting subjective data on urine color?

A

urine is clear, discolored, cloudy, foul-smelling, or bloody

41
Q

what type of subjective data questions do you want to ask about GU hx?

A

-difficulty in controlling urine (urgency or stress incontinence)
-hx of kidney disease, kidney stones, flank pain, UTIs, prostate trouble

42
Q

what do you ask about getting subjective data on the penis?

A

any problems (pain, lesions, discharge)

43
Q

inspection & palpation: penis

A

-skin: wrinkled, hairless, w/o lesions, dorsal vein may be apparent (normal)
-glans: smooth, w/o lesions (foreskin should retract easily if uncircumcised)
-urethral meatus positioned centrally
-meatus edge: pink, smooth, w/o discharge (compress glans anterioposteriorly btw thumb & forefinger)

44
Q

how do you go about inspecting the scrotum?

A

male holds penis out of way or you do w/ back of your hand

45
Q

how do you palpate the scrotum?

A

-each scrotal half btw thumb & first two fingers
-each spermatic cord btw thumb & forefinger

NURS344 (2 decks)

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