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Homeschool 2020-2021 > Mammals > Flashcards

Mammals Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five kingdoms of living things?

A

Monera, Protoctista, Fungi, Plant, and Animal

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2
Q

To which kingdom to mammals belong?

A

Animal

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3
Q

Are mammals warm-blooded or cold-blooded?

A

warm

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4
Q

Where does the name mammal come from

A

Mammary

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5
Q

What are the only mammals that lay eggs?

A

Monotremes

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6
Q

What are the three species of monotremes?

A

platypus, long-nosed echidna, short-nosed echidna

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7
Q

Tell me about monotremes’ teeth.

A

They don’t have any

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8
Q

In which part of the world do monotremes live?

A

Australia and New Guinea

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9
Q

Where does the name marsupial originate?

A

they have a pouch which is also known as the marsupium

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10
Q

Marsupials are mammals with _________.

A

pouches

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11
Q

Name some common species of marsupials.

A

koalas, wallabies, wombats, kangaroos, and opossums.

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the pouch on marsupials?

A

It’s where their babies crawl after birth to get milk and continue developing.

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13
Q

What do insectivores mainly eat?

A

Insects

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14
Q

What are some common insectivores?

A

shrews, hedgehogs, moles, tenrecs, solenodons, moonrats, and desmans

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15
Q

When are insectivores most active?

A

At night (nocturnal)

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16
Q

What type of social lifestyle do insectivores typically live?

A

solitary

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17
Q

Insectivores have long _________ and small _______.

A

snouts, eyes

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18
Q

To what group of mammals does chiropterans refer?

A

bats

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19
Q

What makes bats unique from other mammals?

A

They are the only ones that can truly fly.

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20
Q

What are the two main types of bats?

A

fruit bats and insect-eating bats

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21
Q

How can you tell the two different types of bats apart?

A

Fruit bats/flying foxes have a body the size of a small dog with wings stretching up to 6 feet across. They have large eyes.

Insect-eating bats are much smaller. Their bodies are the size of a mouse or rat.

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22
Q

In which parts of the world do bats live?

A

Everywhere except the coldest regions.

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23
Q

When are most bats active?

A

night (nocturnal)

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24
Q

What technique do insect-eating bats use to find their food?

A

echolocation

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25
Q

How to bats roost?

A

upside down with wings wrapped around themselves for warmth. In colonies.

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26
Q

What do vampire bats feed on?

A

the blood of animals, usually sleeping pigs, cattle, or horses

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27
Q

Describe how vampire bats feed

A

They use their sharp teeth to make a tiny slit on the animal and then lick up the blood.

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28
Q

Which mammals are edentates?

A

sloths, anteaters, armadillos and pangolins

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29
Q

What does edentate mean? Is that a good name?

A

toothless. Anteaters are the only edentates that are toothless

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30
Q

What physical features do edentates share?

A

they have long, sharp claws and very small or nonexistent teeth

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31
Q

What are edentates known for?

A

being slow, especially sloths

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32
Q

Which mammals are lagomorphs?

A

rabbits, hares, and pikas

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33
Q

What does lagomorph mean?

A

leaping shape

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34
Q

Where do lagomorphs live?

A

rabbits and hares - almost every continent

pikas - western North America and northwest Asia

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35
Q

Where do hyraxes live?

A

Africa and parts of the Middle East

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36
Q

Where to Aardvarks live?

A

Africa

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37
Q

How are hyraxes different from rabbits?

A

shorter ears and legs
short, stumpy tail
longer life span

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38
Q

What do hyraxes eat?

A

wide variety of plants, including grasses and leaves

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39
Q

what do hyraxes have that enable them to climb over rocks and trees?

A

their feet have special foot pads that help them grip

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40
Q

What are the three main types of hyraxes?

A

rock hyrax
tree hyrax
bush hyrax

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41
Q

What is another name for rock hyraxes?

A

dassies. Some are called conies.

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42
Q

What is the habitat of hyraxes?

A

they make nests in caves, cracks between rocks, under tree roots, or inside hollow trees

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43
Q

How many species of aardvark exist?

A

one

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44
Q

What does aardvark mean in the Afrikaans language?

A

earth pig

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45
Q

What is unique about the teeth of the aardvark?

A

they aren’t covered in enamel, but cementum (a soft gray substance)

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46
Q

For what does an aardvark use its unique claws?

A

digging burrows in the ground and to dig for food

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47
Q

what do aardvarks eat?

A

ants and termites

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48
Q

When do aardvarks hunt for their food?

A

at night

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49
Q

What is the habitat of aardvarks?

A

they dig several burrows in woodland, scrub, and grassland areas.

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50
Q

How many species of rodents are there?

A

over 1700

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51
Q

How does the size of the rodent group compare to other mammal groups?

A

largest

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52
Q

Where do rodents live?

A

All over the world

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53
Q

What physical feature do rodents share?

A

four long, sharp teeth at the front of their mouths for gnawing.

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54
Q

What is special about the teeth of rodents?

A

their front teeth never stop growing.

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55
Q

What are some large rodents?

A

Porcupines, beavers, chinchillas, coypus, capybaras

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56
Q

How large are capybaras?

A

The size of sheep; largest rodents

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57
Q

In what country and habitat can Capybaras be found?

A

They live in forests near a body of water in South America

58
Q

For what do beavers use their teeth?

A

to fell trees

59
Q

Describe the tail of a beaver and how it is used.

A

Beavers have a flat, scaly, paddle-like tail that they use as a rudder to help them while swimming. They also slap their tails on the surface of the water to warn other beavers of danger.

60
Q

What are the two main groups of porcupines and where are they found?

A

New World (or American) porcupines

Old World Porcupines live in Europe, Africa, and Asia

61
Q

Where do cavies live?

A

South America

62
Q

What is unique about the body of a Mara and how does it help protect them?

A

They have long legs and can outrun most of their predators.

63
Q

Most rodents are nocturnal. Which two cavies are active during the day?

A

Maras and agoutis are active during the day

64
Q

What is the natural habitat of chinchillas?

A

rocky uplands of the Andes mountains

65
Q

How do coypus look different than beavers?

A

They have a rat-like tail instead of a paddle-like tail

66
Q

What are the two places squirrels make their homes?

A

most in trees. Some in burrows underground.

67
Q

How are the bodies of tree-dwelling squirrels designed for climbing trees?

A

sharp claws to fling to the bark and tails to help them balance

68
Q

Describe the nests of tree-dwelling squirrels

A

nests are called dreys

they build them in the forks of tree branches from twigs and leaves and have grasses and moss to make a soft lining

69
Q

How do squirrels prepare for cold weather?

A

store nuts and seeds during fall

70
Q

How are the bodies of marmots and prairie dogs different from the bodies of squirrels?

A

They are thicker, have shorter or nonexistent tails.

71
Q

Describe the burrows of marmots

A

often close to other marmot family groups. They go down up to 10 feet and end in an area to sleep that is lined with hay.

72
Q

What are some common ungulates?

A

deer, cattle, antelopes, giraffes, hippos, pigs, camels, and llamas are some common even-toed ungulates.

73
Q

What does it mean for an animal to be an ungulate?

A

they have hooves instead of claws on their feet

74
Q

What do all ungulates eat?

A

they are herbivores

75
Q

What are the two main groups of ungulates?

A

even-toed (artiodactyls)

odd-toed (perissodactyls)

76
Q

How are the hooves of artiodactyls designed to help them survive?

A

They help them quickly escape from predators

77
Q

What is special about the way some artiodactyls digest their food?

A

their food is chewed, swallowed, and then partially digested by the rumen, the first chamber of their stomach. The food is brought back up and the animal “chews the cud” before swallowing it again.

78
Q

Where to most deer live?

A

in woods and forests

79
Q

How can you tell a male and female deer apart

A

antlers

80
Q

How are domesticated camels used?

A

pack animals; to provide meat, milk, skins, and hair

81
Q

What are the names for camels with one hump? Two humps?

A

one hump- dromedaries

two humps- bactrians

82
Q

Why do camels have humps?

A

they store fat for times when there is little food

83
Q

What are some close relatives of camels?

A

llama, alpaca, guanaco, and vicuna

84
Q

Where do giraffes live?

A

savannahs of Africa

85
Q

What are some different wild pigs and where do they live?

A

Wild boars -Europe and Asia
warthogs - Africa
babirusa - Southeast Asia
peccaries - South and Central America (and Texas)

86
Q

How do hippopotamuses spend their days?

A

they live in the water during the day and come out at night to eat plants by the water.

87
Q

What species did modern cattle descend from?

A

the wild auroch of Europe and Asia

88
Q

How are the antlers of cattle and deer different from each other?

A

cattle don’t have antlers, they have horns. Antlers are shed and grow again each year. Horns grow throughout their lives.

89
Q

What is the name for the wild cattle group?

A

bovids

90
Q

Which members of the bovid group came close to extinction?

A

the American bison and European bison

91
Q

What makes the water buffalo famous?

A

they have the largest horns of any animal; the record is 13 feet from tip to tip.

92
Q

What is the habitat of many wild sheep and goats?

A

they usually live in mountain regions throughout the world

93
Q

What are antelopes and gazelles known for?

A

speed and agility

94
Q

Where do most antelopes live?

A

the African savanna

95
Q

What is the name given to even-toed ungulates?

A

artiodactyls

96
Q

What is the name given to odd-toed ungulates?

A

perissodactyls

97
Q

Which group of ungulates is larger, even-toed or odd-toed?

A

even-toed

98
Q

What mammals are equids?

A

horses, donkeys, zebras, asses

99
Q

How many toes do equids have?

A

one

100
Q

Where do rhinoceroses live?

A

Africa and Asia

101
Q

Where do tapirs live?

A

tropical forests and swamps of South America and Southeast Asia

102
Q

What is the scientific name for elephants?

A

Scientists call elephants proboscideans

103
Q

What are the two species of elephant?

A

African and Asian

104
Q

Where do African elephants live?

A

throughout central, east, and southern Africa

105
Q

Where do Asian elephants live?

A

India, Sri Lanka, southern China, and Southeast Asia

106
Q

What is the largest of all land mammals?

A

elephants

107
Q

Do elephants live in herds or alone?

A

herds

108
Q

What do elephants use their trunks for?

A

getting food, putting water in their mouths, squirting water or dust, greeting elephants in the herd, and guiding their young.
They also use them to make trumpeting and rumbling sounds to communicate.

109
Q

What do elephants eat?

A

grasses, leaves, bark, fruit, and flowers

110
Q

How much do elephants eat each day?

A

around 330 pounds

111
Q

How do elephants keep cool?

A

water from trunks, mud baths, ear flapping

112
Q

What does it mean for an animal to be a carnivore?

A

it eats meat

113
Q

What physical features do carnivores share?

A

they have long, sharp teeth and sharp claws

114
Q

What is the cheetah known for?

A

very fast; can sprint over 60 mph for short distances

115
Q

What is unique about the way a leopard hunts?

A

they often drop down from branches

116
Q

Which is the largest of the cats?

A

Tigers

117
Q

How can you tell male and female lions apart

A

mane

118
Q

What does it mean that cats are a “uniform group?”

A

All cats are very similar in their body shape, features, and hunting methods.

119
Q

Describe the body of a dog.

A

Dogs have long legs and powerful jaws, are very muscular, and have excellent senses of sight, hearing, and smell.

120
Q

How are dogs physically different from cats?

A

Dogs have longer muzzles or snouts and their claws cannot be pulled into their toes.

121
Q

Do most dogs live in groups or alone? Are there any exceptions?

A

Most dogs live in groups.

Foxes live alone.

122
Q

Describe how dogs hunt their prey. How is this different from the way a cat hunts?

A

Dogs will follow the scent of their prey over many miles until it gets tired and is finally caught.

Most cats hunt at night, using their keen eyesight to quietly stalk their prey before pouncing on them.

123
Q

Where do wolves live?

A

remote areas like forests, tundras, scrubs, and mountains.

124
Q

What do wolves eat?

A

variety of meat. They also scavenge food and will eat berries and fruit.

125
Q

What is the name of the species to which all domestic dogs belong?

A

Canis familiaris

126
Q

The first dogs were probably tamed from a type of ______?

A

grey wolf

127
Q

What are foxes known for?

A

cunning and stealth

128
Q

Is a fox’s diet the same year-round?

A

No. It changes with what’s available during different seasons.

129
Q

What are the two main ways hyenas get their good?

A

They are scavengers but will also hunt in packs.

130
Q

Describe the diet of bears

A

Prey, including deer, birds, and fish; grubs, worms; honey, fruits, seeds, and roots

131
Q

How are polar bears well suited to living in their snowy and icy habitat?

A

white fur, thick fur, thick layer of fat under their skin

132
Q

What do raccoons eat?

A

just about anything

133
Q

What does the giant panda eat?

A

mainly the stems and leaves of bamboo and rarely meat

134
Q

Describe the physical features of a mustelid.

A

small animals with long, thin bodies, short legs, good eyesight, and sharp teeth

135
Q

Contrast the normal behavior and the hunting behavior of mustelids.

A

normally very shy and rarely seen. Hunting, they are some of the most aggressive and fearless of all animals.

136
Q

Which mustelid is one of the world’s rarest mammals?

A

The North American black-footed ferret

137
Q

How are otters’ bodies well suited for water?

A

otters have webbed feet for swimming, fur that is made waterproof by oils from their skin, and thick underfur.

138
Q

How big is the giant otter of South America?

A

up to 5 feet in length

139
Q

Where do the 13 species of skunk live?

A

North and Central America

140
Q

Why do some people encourage mongooses to stay around town?

A

They kill snakes

Homeschool 2020-2021 (8 decks)

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