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VMS 2006 > Mammary Gland Pathology > Flashcards

Mammary Gland Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Clinical Mastitis?

A

An inflammatory response to infection causing visibly abnormal milk as the extent of the inflammation increases

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1
Q

What is SubClinical Mastitis?

A

The presence of an infection without the signs of local inflamation or systemic involvement

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2
Q

What is Chronic Granulomatous Mastitis most commonly caused by?

A
  • Ocassionally observed in old sows
  • Most cases are caused by S.Aureus
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3
Q

What is the usual case fatality rate of mastitis in sheep and ewes?

A

Can be as high as 50%

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4
Q

What is often an indicator of mastitis in camelids?

A

Poor Cria Growth Rate

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5
Q

What would mastitis look like in dogs and cats?

A
  • Severley affected glands are large, firm and edematous
  • overlying skin becomes taut and shiny
  • small amount of grey secretion may be expressed
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6
Q

What are the three most common non-neoplastic lesions

mammary masses

A
  • Cystic Dilation of Mammary ducts
  • Mammary Hypertrophy
  • Mammary Hyperplasia
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7
Q

What is Cystic dilation usually secondary to?

A

Obstruction of a duct or the papillary canal by periductal fibrosis

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8
Q

How does cystic dilation occur?

A

Continued Secretion and build up of content dilates the duct
* epithelium accomodates the larger diameter by attenuating the lining

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9
Q

What is mammary hypertrophy?

A

Mammary Gland becomes larger than normal for the physiological state

e.g lactation, pseudopregnancy, spaying

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10
Q

What are the three main manifestations of lobular hyperplasia?

A
  • Hyperplasia of the epithelium of glandular acini
  • Adenosis- epithelium undergoes hyperplasia and the lumen is filled with basiloid epithelial cells
  • Fibroadenomatous hyperplasia
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11
Q

What animals is fibroadenomatous hyperplasia most common in?

A

Common in cats, especially intact females under 2

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12
Q

When does fibroadenomatous hyperplasia occur?

A

Occurs in the luteal phase of oestrus, early in pregnancy, or after progestin therapy

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13
Q

How does progesterone mediate hyperplasia?

A

Via Growth hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor

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14
Q

What are benign mammary neoplasias divided into?

A
  • Adenomas
  • Fibroadenomas ‘
  • Benign Mixed Tumours
  • Ductal Papillomas
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15
Q

Which bacteria is much less common due to dry cow therapy?

A

Streptococci

16
Q

What bacteria may indicate heavy environmental contamination?

A
  • Pseudomonas
  • Prototheca
17
Q

What are the main clinical signs of MMA?

A
  • Sows become Lethargic, Anorexic and develop fever
  • Failure of lactation and systemic signs dominate
18
Q

What bacteria commonly causes mastitis in sheep and goats?

A
  • S.aureus
  • Mannheimia haemolytica
19
Q

What is the most common mastitis causing bacteria in dogs and cats?

A

Staphylococci

20
Q

In what animal species is cystic dilation common?

A

Common in dogs and cats

21
Q

What three things can cause mammary hypertrophy?

A
  1. Lactation
  2. Pseudopregannacy (overproduction of milk)
  3. Spaying whilst in diestrus
22
Q

Papillary hyperplasia is often an incidental finding of…?

A

Cystic ductal dilation

23
Q

What are the three main manifestations of lobular hyperplasia?

A
  • Hyperplasia of the epithelium
  • Adenosis
  • Fibroadenomatous hyperplasia
24
Q

What does a simple adenoma look like histologically?

benign non-cancerous tumour

A

Proliferation of well-differentiated luminal epithelial cells

25
Q

What does a complex adenoma look like histologically?

A

Mixed proliferation of secretory epithelila cells, resembling myoepithelial cells in a mucinous stroma

26
Q

What does a benign mixed tumour look like?

A

Proliferation of glandular and mesenchymal elements

27
Q

What does a duct papilloma look like?

A

Papillomatous projections in distended ducts, lined by epithelial and resting myoepithelial cells, supported by stalks of vascularised connective tissue

28
Q

What is a tubulopapillary carcinoma?

A

Proliferation of cells resembling luminal epithelial cells with tubular or papillary arrangement.

29
Q

What is the prognosis of feline neoplasias based on?

A
  • Age at diagnosis
  • Volume/ Diameter of the tumour
  • Aggresivenes
  • Grade
  • Presence of lymph nodes
30
Q

What is cystic dilation?

A

Continued secretion and build up of content dilates the duct
epithelium then accomodates the larger diameter that is attenuated or normal in appearance

31
Q

What are the four carcinomas found in dogs?

A
  1. Tubulopapillary
  2. Solid
  3. Osteosarcoma
  4. Carcinosarcoma
32
Q

What does the percentage likelihood of neoplasia in dogs go down to after an Ovariectomy?

A

0.05% if done before the first oestrus

VMS 2006 (25 decks)

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