Marxism

Question 1

Class

Answer 1

groups of people who share similar economic interests

Question 2

Class Struggle

Answer 2

The ongoing conflict and competition between social classes, particularly the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class), as they want control over resources and power.

Question 3

Means of Production:

Answer 3

The tools, technology, and resources used in the production of goods and services, often controlled by the capitalist class.

Question 4

Proletariat:

Answer 4

The working class, who sell their labor to the capitalist class and lack control over the means of production to make a living

Question 5

Bourgeoisie:

Answer 5

The capitalist class, who own and control the means of production and derive profit from the labor of the proletariat.

Question 6

Exploitation

Answer 6

: The process by which the capitalist class extracts surplus value from the labor of the working class, leading to economic inequality.

Question 7

Alienation

Answer 7

A sense of estrangement and disconnect that workers may feel from their labor, themselves, and society under capitalism, as described by Marx.

Question 8

Surplus value

Answer 8

the additional value produced by workers in a capitalist system beyond what is necessary to cover their wages.

Question 9

Base

Answer 9

This is the economic part, where you have how things are made and who owns what.

Question 10

Superstructure

Answer 10

This is the rest of society, including things like laws, culture, and beliefs. It’s shaped by the economic base and often helps the people who own things (the rich).

Question 11

Ideology

Answer 11

The set of beliefs, values, and ideas that legitimize and perpetuate the existing social order, often in favor of the ruling class.

Question 12

False Consciousness:

Answer 12

When working-class people believe ideas that don’t really benefit them but instead help the wealthy. It happens because they’re influenced by ideas promoted by those in power.

Question 13

Cultural Hegemony

Answer 13

When the rich control what people believe and how they see the world, making it harder for others to challenge the way things are.

Question 14

Historical Class Consciousness:

Answer 14

The awareness and understanding of one’s own class position, exploitation, and the need for collective action among the working class.

Question 15

Habitus

Answer 15

means the way people naturally think, behave, and see the world, which is shaped by their upbringing and social environment.

Question 16

Ideological state apparatus

Answer 16

institutions like schools, media, and religion that help promote the ideas and values of those in power (like the government or ruling class) to maintain their control over society.

Question 17

Althusser:

Answer 17

was a prominent Marxist philosopher who emphasized the role of ideology and the state in maintaining capitalist dominance.
His concept of the ideological state apparatus has been influential in sociology.

Question 18

Pierre Bourdieu

Answer 18

He examined how social inequalities are reproduced through education and cultural practices.

Question 19

Karl Marx

Answer 19

the foundational thinker of Marxism. His writings on class struggle, historical materialism, and the critique of capitalism form the basis for Marxist analysis in sociology.

Question 20

Marxism and Feminism argue that…

Answer 20

education is a tool that manipulates peoples into thinking in certain ways that benefit the ruling class, allowing them to be exploited and this promotes inequality

Question 21

What does marxism believe about society?
-That it….

Answer 21

reproduces the inequalities and social relations of production of capitalist society. Those from higher social classes get access to better jobs.

Question 22

ideological state apparatus
(Althusser)

Answer 22

social institutions, such as schools and media,
that distribute and reinforce the dominant ideologies.

Question 23

Althusser argues that this is done through the ____________ _________________, students are taught to be obedient and show respect to those higher up the hierarchy,

Answer 23

hidden curriculum

Question 24

Education also justifies inequalities by persuading people in school that inequality is ______________. Inequality is legitimated by persuading people that those who do well are the ______ ________________.

Answer 24

inevitable

most talented.

Question 25

Bowles and Gintis believe that the role of education school mirrors the __________________

Answer 25

workplace

Question 26

Bowles and Gintis (1976) argue that education is controlled by capitalists and serves their interests. They believe there is a close relationship between
_____________ a ________

Answer 26

schooling and work,