Mass & Balance

Question 1

CG forward of CP

Answer 1

Increased trim -> fuel
Pitch down tendency (flaps especially)
Elevator loads higher
Stability
Nose gear stress
Climb / climb gradient reduced
Increased stalling speed

Question 2

CG aft of CP

Answer 2

Decreased trim
Pitch up tendency
Elevator control force reduced (possible overstressing)
Instability -> Increased pilot workload
Spin recovery harder
Reduced stalling speed
Poor landing characteristics

Question 3

Load Shift Ratio Method

Answer 3

md = MD
m: shifted mass
M: aircraft mass
d: shifted mass arm change
D: Aircraft CG arm change

Question 4

Aircraft Reweighing

Answer 4

Cumulative:
DOM change +- .5 % of MLM
CG shift +- .5% of MAC

AC must be reweighed or recalculated CG

Question 5

PAX Age

Answer 5

Infants 0 - 1.9
Children 2 - 11.9
Adults 12+

If infant has own seat = child
If infant on parent lap = no mass

Question 6

PAX & Luggage Mass
Weigh Rules (4)
Baggage Modification (2)

Answer 6

1 . Weigh PAX

2. Standard mass
3. Ask weigh < 10 Pax
4. If many heavy PAX, weigh or add increment

6 kg deducted when no handbaggage
Must weigh checked-in baggage when PAX < 20

Question 7

Crew Mass

Answer 7

Flight Crew + bags - 85 kg

Cabin Crew + bags - 75 kg