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From Flashcardlet > mass media 5-7 > Flashcards

mass media 5-7 Flashcards

0
Q

Pay-Per-View (PPV)

A

A cable-television service that allows customers to select a particular movie for a fee, or to pay $25 to $40 for a special onetime event.

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1
Q

Evergreens

A

In TV syndication, popular, lucrative, and enduring network reruns, such as the Andy Griffith Show or I Love Lucy.

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2
Q

Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS)

A

A satellite-based service that for a monthly fee downlinks hundreds of satellite channels and services; DBS began distributing video programming directly to households in 1994.

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3
Q

Rating

A

In TV audience measurement, a statistical estimate expressed as a percentage or households tuned to a program in the local or national market being sampled.

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4
Q

Video-On-Demand (VOD)

A

Cable television technology that enables viewers to instantly order programming such as movies to be digitally delivered to their sets.

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5
Q

Kinescope

A

Before the days of videotape, a1950s technique for preserving television broadcasts by using a film camera to record a live TV show off a studio monitor.

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6
Q

Domestic Comedy

A

A TV hybrid of the sitcom in which characters and settings are usually more important than complicate situations; it generally features a domestic problem or work issue that character have to resolve.

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7
Q

Serial Programs

A

A radio or TV program, such as a soap opera, that features continuing story lines from day to day or week to week.

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8
Q

Affiliate Stations

A

A radio or TV station, though independently owned, signs a contract to be part of a network and receives money to carry the network’s programs; in exchange, the network receives time slots, which it sells I national advertisers.

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9
Q

Time Shifting

A

The process whereby television viewers record shows and watch them later, when it is convenient for them.

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10
Q

Digital

A

In television, the type of signals that are transmitted as binary code.

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11
Q

Telecommunications Act of 1996

A

The sweeping update of telecommunications law that led to a wave of media consolidation.

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12
Q

Must-Carry Rules

A

Rules established by the FCC requiring all cable operators to assign channels and to carry all local TV broadcasts on their systems, thereby ensuring that local network affiliates independent stations (those not carrying network programs), and public television channels would benefit from cable’s clearer reception.

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13
Q

Chapter Shows

A

In television production, any situation comedy or dramatic program whose narrative structure includes self-contained stories that feature a problem, a series of conflicts, and a resolution from week to week.

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14
Q

Analog

A

In television, standard broadcast signals made of radio waves (replaced by digital standards in 2009)

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15
Q

Superstations

A

Local independent TV stations, such as WTBS in Atlanta or WGN in Chicago, that have uplinked their signals onto a communication satellite to make themselves available nationwide.

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16
Q

Fringe Time

A

In television, the time slot either immediately before the evening’s prime-time schedule (called early fringe) or immediately following the local evening news or the network’s late-night talk shows (called late fringe).

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17
Q

Anthology Dramas

A

A popular form of early TV programming that brought live dramatic theater to television; influenced by stage plays, anthologies offered new teleplays, casts, directors, writers, and sets from week to week.

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18
Q

Deficit Financing

A

In television, the process whereby a TV production company leases its programs to a network for a license fee that is actually less than the cost of production; the company hopes to recoup this loss later in rerun syndication.

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19
Q

Narrowcasting

A

Any specialized electronic programming or media channel aimed at a target audience.

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20
Q

Episodic Series

A

A narrative form well suited to television because the main characters appear every week, sets and locales remain the same, and technical crews stay with the program; episodic series feature new adventures each week, but a handful of characters emerge with whom viewers can regularly identify.

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21
Q

Retransmission Fees

A

The fee that cable providers pay to broadcast networks for the right to carry their channels.

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22
Q

Situation Comedy

A

A type of comedy series that features a recurring cast and set as well as several narrative scenes; each episode establishes a situation, complicates it, and then resolves the complications.

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23
Q

First-Run Syndication

A

In television, the process whereby new programs are specifically produced for sale in syndication markets rather than for network television.

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24
Q

Basic Cable

A

In cable programming, a tier of channels composed of local broadcast signals, nonbroadcast access channels (for local government, education, and general public use), a few regional PBS stations, and a variety of cable channels downlinked from communication satellites.

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25
Q

Fin-Syn (Financial Interest and Syndication Rules)

A

FCC rules that prohibited the major networks from running their own syndication companies or from charging production companies additional fees after shows had completed their prime-time runs; most fin-syn rules were rescinded in the mid-1990s.

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26
Q

Leased Channels

A

In cable television, channels that allow citizens to buy time for producing programs or presenting their own viewpoints.

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27
Q

Premium Channels

A

In cable programming, a tier channels that subscribers can order at an additional monthly fee over their basic cable service; these may include movie channels and interactive services.

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28
Q

Share

A

In TV audience measurement, a statistical estimate of the percentage of homes tuned to a certain program, compare with those simply using their sets at the time of a sample.

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29
Q

Sketch Comedy

A

Short television comedy skits that are usually segments of TV variety shows; sometimes known as vaudeo, the marriage of vaudeville and video.

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30
Q

Third Screens

A

The computer-type screens on which consumers can view television, movies, music, newspapers, and books.

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31
Q

Electronic Publishers

A

Communication businesses, such as broadcasters or TV cable companies, that are entitled to choose what channels or content to carry.

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32
Q

O & Os

A

TV stations “owned and operated” by networks.

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33
Q

Access Channels

A

In cable television, a tier of nonbroadcast channels dedicated to local education, government, and the public.

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34
Q

Multichannel Video Programming Distributors (MPVDs)

A

The cable industry’s name for its largest revenue generators, including cable companies and DBS providers.

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35
Q

Off-Network Syndication

A

In television, the process whereby older programs that no longer run during prime time are made available for reruns to local stations, cable operators, online services, and foreign markets.

36
Q

Multi-System-Operators (MSOs)

A

Large corporations that own numerous cable television systems.

37
Q

Common Carrier

A

A communication or transportation business, such as a phone company or a taxi service, that is required by law to offer service on a first-come, first-served basis to whoever can pay the rate; such companies do not get involved in content.

38
Q

Network Era

A

The period in television history, roughly from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s, that refers to the dominance of the Big Three networks-ABC, CBS, and NBC- over programming and prime-time viewing habits; the era began eroding with a decline in viewing and with the development of VCRs, cable, and new TV networks.

39
Q

Prime Time Access Rule (PTAR)

A

An FCC regulation that reduced network’s control of prime-time programming to encourage more local news and public-affairs programs, often between 6 and 7 pm.

40
Q

CATV (community antenna television)

A

An early cable system that originated where mountains or tall buildings blocked TV signals; because of early technical and regulatory limits, CATV contained only twelve channels.

41
Q

Prime Time

A

In television programming, the hours between 8 and 11 pm (or 7 and 10 pm in the Midwest), when networks have traditionally drawn their largest audiences and charged their highest advertising rates.

42
Q

Conflict-Oriented Journalism

A

Found in metropolitan areas, newspapers that define news primarily as events, issues, or experiences that deviate from social norms; journalists see their role as observers who monitor their city’s institutions and problems.

43
Q

Newspaper Chain

A

A large company that owns several newspapers throughout the country.

44
Q

Feature Syndicates

A

Commercial outlets or brokers, such as United Features and King Features, that contract with newspapers to provide work from well-known political writers, editorial cartoonists, comic-strip artists, and self-help columnists.

45
Q

Citizen Journalism

A

A grassroots movement wherein activist amateurs and concerned citizens, not professional journalists, use the Internet ad blogs to disseminate news and information.

46
Q

Literary Journalism

A

News reports that adapt fictional storytelling techniques to nonfictional material; sometime called new journalism.

47
Q

Joint Operating Agreement

A

.

48
Q

Yellow Journalism

A

A newspaper style or era that leaked in the 1890s, it emphasized high-interest stories, sensational crime news, large headlines, and serious reports that exposed corruption, particularly in business and government.

49
Q

Partisan Press

A

An early dominant style of American journalism distinguished by opinion newspapers, which generally argued or political point of view or pushed the plan of the particular party that subsidized the paper.

50
Q

Underground Press

A

Radical newspapers, run on shoestring budgets, that question mainstream political policies and conventional values; the term usually refers to a journalism movement of the 1960s.

51
Q

Consensus-Oriented Journalism

A

Found in small communities, newspapers that promote social and economic harmony by providing community calendars and meeting notices and carrying articles on local schools, social events, town government, property crimes, and zoning issues.

52
Q

Wire Services

A

Commercial organizations, such as the Associated Press, that share news stories and information by relaying them around the country and the world, originally via telegraph and now via satellite transmission.

53
Q

Penny Papers

A

(Also penny press) refers to newspapers that, because if technological innovations in printing, we’re able to drop their price to one cent beginning in the 1830s, thereby making papers affordable to working and emerging middle classes and enabling newspapers to become a genuine mass medium.

54
Q

Objective Journalism

A

A modern style of journalism that distinguishes factual reports from opinion columns; reporters strive to remain neutral toward the issue or event they cover, searching out competing points of view among the sources for a story.

55
Q

Human-Interest Stories

A

News accounts that focus on the trials and tribulations of the human condition, often featuring ordinary individuals faxing extraordinary challenges.

56
Q

Interpretive Journalism

A

A type of journalism that involves analyzing an explaining key issues or events and placing them in a broader historical or social context.

57
Q

Inverted-Pyramid Style

A

A style of journalism in which news reports begin with the most dramatic or newsworthy information- answering who, what, where, and when (and less frequently why or how) questions at the top of the story- and then trail off with less significant details.

58
Q

Investigative Journalism

A

News reports that hunt out and expose corruption, particularly in business and government.

59
Q

Paywall

A

An online portal that charges consumers a fee for access to news content.

60
Q

Newshole

A

The space left over in a newspaper for news content after all the ads are placed.

61
Q

Blockbuster

A

The type of big budget special effects films that typically have summer or holiday release dates, heavy promotion, and lucrative merchandising tie-ins.

62
Q

Newsreels

A

Weekly ten-minute magazine style compilations of filmed news events from around the world organized in a sequence of short reports; prominent in movie theaters between the 1920s and the 1950s.

63
Q

Little three

A

Those studios that did not own theaters: Columbia, Universal and United Artists

64
Q

Talkies

A

Movies with sound, beginning in 1927.

65
Q

Vertical integration

A

In media economics, the phenomenon controlling a mass media industry at its three essential levels; production, distribution, and exhibition; the term is most frequently used in reference to the film industry.

66
Q

Kinetoscope

A

Before the days of videotape, a 1950s technique for preserving television broadcasts by using a film camera to record a live TV show off a studio monitor.

67
Q

Genre

A

A narrative category in which conventions regarding similar characters, scenes, structures, and themes recur in combination.

68
Q

Studio system

A

An early film production system that constituted a sort of assembly-line process for moviemaking; major film studios controlled not only actors ut also directors, editors, writers, and other employees, all of whom worked under exclusive contracts.

69
Q

Oligopoly

A

In media economics, an organizational structure in which few firms control most of an industry’s production and distribution resources.

70
Q

Vitascope

A

A large-screen movie projection system developed by Thomas Edison.

71
Q

Celluloid

A

A transparent and pliable film that can hold a coating of chemicals sensitive to light.

72
Q

Big five

A

From the late 1920s through the late 1940s, the major movie studios that were vertically integrated and that dominated the industry. The big five were paramount, MGM, Warner Brothers, Twentieth Century Fox, and RKO.

73
Q

Hollywood ten

A

The nine screenwriters and one film director subpoenaed by the house un-american activities committee who were sent to prison on the late 1940s for refusing to disclose their memberships or to identify communist sympathizers.

74
Q

Digital video

A

The production format that is replacing celluloid film and revolutionizing filmmaking because the cameras are more portable and production costs are much less expensive.

75
Q

Multiplexes

A

Contemporary movie theaters that exhibit many movies at the same time on multiple screens.

76
Q

Kinetograph

A

An early movie camera developed by Thomas Edison’s assistant in the 1890s.

77
Q

Synergy

A

In media economics, the promotion and sale of a product (and all its versions) throughout the various subsidiaries of a media conglomerate.

78
Q

Documentary

A

A movie or TV news genre that documents reality by recording actual characters and settings.

79
Q

Narrative films

A

Movies that tell a story, with dramatic action and conflict emerging mainly from individual characters.

80
Q

Consensus narratives

A

Cultural products that become popular and command wide attention, providing shared cultural experiences.

81
Q

Cinema verite

A

French term for truth film, a documentary style that records fragments of everyday life unobtrusively: it often features a rough, grainy look and shaky, hand held camera work.

82
Q

Megaplexes

A

Movie theater facilities with fourteen or more screens.

83
Q

Nickelodeons

A

The first small makeshift movie theaters, which were often converted cigar stores, pawn shops, or restaurants redecorated to mimic vaudeville theaters.

84
Q

Block booking

A

An early tactic of movie studios to control exhibition, involving pressuring theater operators to accept marginal films with no stars in order to get access to films with the most popular stars.

85
Q

Big six

A

The six major Hollywood studios that currently rule the commercial film business: Warner brothers, Paramount, Twentieth century fox, Universal, Columbia Pictures, and Disney.

86
Q

Movie palaces

A

Ornate, lavish single-screen movie theaters that emerged in the 1910s in the United States.

87
Q

Paramount decision

A

The 1984 U.S. supreme court decision that ended vertical integration in the film industry by forcing the studios to divest themselves of their theaters.

88
Q

Indies

A

Independent music and film production houses that work outside industry oligopolies; they often produce less mainstream music and film

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