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DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY > MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS > Flashcards

MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two principal categories of material properties

A

mechanical and physical

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2
Q

what are mechanical properties

A

how materials react to an external force

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3
Q

what are physical properties

A

the actual make-up or structure of the material

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4
Q

what are the mechanical properties of materials

A

compressive strength

tensile strength ( bending, shear, torsional)

hardness

toughness (plasticity, ductility, malleability)

elasticity

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5
Q

compressive strength

A

ability to withstand being crushed or shortened by pushing forces

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6
Q

tensile strength

A

the ability to resist stretching or pulling

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7
Q

bending strength

A

the ability to resist forces that may bend the material

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8
Q

shear strength

A

ability to withstand sliding forces on a parallel plane

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9
Q

torsional strength

A

ability to withstand twisting forces from applied torsion

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10
Q

torsion meaning

A

twisting

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11
Q

hardness

A

ability to resist abrasive wear such as scratching surface, indentation or cutting

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12
Q

toughness

A

the ability to absorb impact force without fracture

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13
Q

plasticity

A

the ability to be permanently deformed and retain the deformed shape

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14
Q

ductility

A

the ability to be drawn into shape under tension

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15
Q

malleability

A

the ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking

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16
Q

elasticity

A

the ability to be deformed and then return to the original shape when the force is removed

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17
Q

physical properties of materials

A

electrical conductor
electrical insulator

thermal conductor
thermal insulator
thermal expansion

opaque
translucent
transparent

density
fusibility
magnetism
corrosion

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18
Q

physical electrical properties

A

electrical conductor - allows the flow of electrical current through the material

electrical insulator - does not allow the flow of electricity through the material

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19
Q

physical thermal properties

A

thermal conductor - allows transfer of heat energy through the material

thermal insulator - prevents the transfer of heat through the material

thermal expansion - the increase in material volume in response to a heat input

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20
Q

physical optical properties

A

opaque - prevents light from travelling through

translucent - allows light through but diffuses the light so that objects appear blurred

transparent - allows light to pass through easily

21
Q

fusibility

A

ability of a material to be converted from a solid to a liquid or molten state by heat

22
Q

magnetism

A

the natural force between objects that causes the material to attract ion or steels

23
Q

corrosion / degradation resistance

A

the ability of the material to withstand environmental attack and decay

24
Q

factors to consider when selecting materials

A

hardness
toughness
manufacture
aesthetics
costs

25
Q

what are the three categories metals are split into

A

ferrous
non-ferrous
alloys

26
Q

ferrous metal

A

a metal containing mostly iron and carbon

they do rust and are magnetic

27
Q

examples of ferrous metals

A

low carbon steel

medium carbon steel

cast iron

28
Q

non-ferrous metals

A

metals that do not contain iron

non-ferrous metals are not magnetic and do not rust

29
Q

alloys

A

a metal made of two or combing or combining two elements of which one must be a metal

30
Q

types of non-ferrous metals

A

aluminum

copper

zinc

silver

gold

tin

31
Q

types of ferrous alloys

A

stainless steel
die steel

32
Q

types of non-ferrous alloys

A

bronze
brass
pewter

33
Q

three types of wood

A

hardwoods
softwoods
manufactured board

34
Q

what is hardwood and give examples

A

wood from deciduous trees
the trees are fast growing

oak ash beech mahogany

35
Q

what is softwood and give examples

A

wood from cone bearing trees
the trees are fast growing and are usually evergreen

pine redwood cedar

36
Q

what is manufactured board and give examples

A

a man-made wood based composite material

come in larger sizes than solid wood

marine plywood
chipboard

37
Q

three types of polymers

A

thermoplastic
thermosetting
elastomer

38
Q

thermoplastic

A

can be repeatedly get reheated and reshaped allowing it to be recycled

low density polyethylene

39
Q

thermosetting

A

cannot be reshaped even at high temperatures

goes under chemical changes when heated the molecules form rigid cross links

polyester resin
epoxy resin

40
Q

elastomer

A

at room temperature it can be deformed under pressure and upon release of pressure it will return to its original shape

silicone
natural rubber

41
Q

what makes elastomer stretch

A

the weak bonds they have

42
Q

what is a polymer

A

a large molecule made from a chain of monomers

43
Q

composite

A

a material comprised of two or more different materials resulting in material with enhanced properties

44
Q

types of composites

A

fibre based - fibre concrete
particle based - carbide
sheet based - aluminium

engineered wood
glass fibre reinforced plastic

45
Q

smart material

A

a material whose physical properties change in response to an input or change in the
environment eg)

electricity temperature and pressure

46
Q

smart material examples

A

shape memory alloys
thermochromatic film

47
Q

modern materials

A

a material developed through the invention of new or improved processes

precious metal clay
high density modelling foam

48
Q

difference between modern materials and smart materials

A

modern materials do not react to external change

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY (9 decks)

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