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Biggs > Math Concepts II > Flashcards

Math Concepts II Flashcards

1
Q

A ___ ___ gives a linear relationship of volume to time

A

constant flow

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2
Q

Plot of volume as a function of time for inspiration of a patient on a constant flow ventilator is _____

A

linear

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3
Q

emptying of a fluid plots a(n) _____ _____ curve

A

exponentially decreasing

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4
Q

plot of concentration of a substance as the inflow = outflow (i.e. water emptying a concentrated mud bath)

A

exponentially decreasing

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5
Q

In a(n) ______ ______ the rate of change of a quantity at any time is proportional to the quantity at that time.

A

exponential process

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6
Q

hematocrit equation

A

hematrocrit = RBCs/blood volume with blood volume being constant

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7
Q

as red blood cell volume decreases, the hematocrit ________

A

decreases assuming volume stays constant

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8
Q

acceptable estimated blood (EBV) constants

A

infants: 80 males: 70 females :60

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9
Q

estimating acceptable blood loss equation

A

((Hcti-Hcta)/ HctAVG)(EBVi)=EBLa which is initial hct - acceptable hct divided by the avg HCT times estimated blood volume (constant).

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10
Q

blood loss example should be calculated with using the _____ hematocrit

A

average (for BIGGs test)

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11
Q

clinically, blood loss should be calculated using the _____ hematocrit

A

initial; to prevent too much blood volume being lost

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12
Q

blood loss replacement ratio for blood and fresh frozen plasma

A

1:1

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13
Q

blood loss replacement ratio for colloids

A

1:1

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14
Q

blood loss replacement ratio for crystalloids

A

3:1

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15
Q

what are examples of colloids?

A

5% albumin, 6% Hespan,Hextend

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16
Q

what are examples of crystalloids?

A

NS, LR, D5W, plasmalyte

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17
Q

time constant definition

A

the time at which the process would have been complete had the initial rate of change continued

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18
Q

1/e^1 time constant is

A

37% (100%-37%=63%)

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19
Q

1/e^2 time constant is

A

13.5% (100%-13.5%= 86.5%)

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20
Q

1/e^5 time constant is

A

0.67%

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21
Q

1/e^3 time constant is

A

4.98% (100%-4.98%=5%)

22
Q

There are __ circulatory time constants

A

3

23
Q

general time constant equation

A

time constant = (volume) / (flow)

24
Q

circulatory time constant equation

A

= blood volume/cardiac output

25
Q

*circulatory time constant

A

5 L / (5 L/min) = 1 minute

26
Q

pulmonary time constant equation

A

lung volume/minute ventilation

27
Q

*pulmonary time constant

A

6L/ (6 L/min) = 1 minute

28
Q

graph/plot of washout equation

A

1/e^x = e^-x

29
Q

time constant equation

A

tao = vol undergoing washout / flow of perfusing fluid

30
Q

volume of anesthesia circuit

A

5 L

31
Q

volume of lungs

A

6 L

32
Q

build-up exponential process is a ____ curve.

A

exponential

33
Q

build-up exponential process equation

A

1-e^-x = 1- (1/e^x)

34
Q

for the circuit, tao = volume (capacity) / flow. what are the values?

A

tao = 5L / fresh gas flows

35
Q

for the adult lungs, tao = volume (capacity) / flow. what are the values?

A

tao = 6L / minute ventilation

36
Q

minute ventilation is

A

tidal volume times RR (value is L/min)

37
Q

deep breathing with high fresh gas flow for ___ min and tidal breathing for ___ minutes are _____

A

1.5 min FGF, tidal breathing 3 min, equally effective

38
Q

end-tidal oxygen concentration guide to adequacy of preoxygenation, therefore a value of ____ being well accepted.

A

90%

39
Q

ETCO2 is around 40 mmhg; there for at 1 atm 40mmhg/760mmhg = 5%. Max ETO2 = ___

A

95%

40
Q

at 3 time constants, what is the ETO2?

A

95%*95% = 90.25% or 90%

41
Q

FA/FI meanings?

A

FA = fraction alveolar, FI = fraction inspired

42
Q

the FA/FI ratio rises more rapidly if ventilation is _______ from _______ to _______

A

ratio rises if ventilation is increase from 2 to 8 L/min

43
Q

inflation of lungs by a _____ generator ventilator produces a(n) _______ graph.

A

constant-pressure, exponential

44
Q

concentration is equivalent to _______ or _______

A

partial pressure or volume percent

45
Q

vaporizer flow depends on ______ and ______

A

fresh gas flow and vaporizer setting

46
Q

vessel rich group lags behind alveolar concentration until about _____ minutes of administration

A

10 min

47
Q

microdrip drops per min?

A

60

48
Q

macrodrip drops per min?

A

10

49
Q

capacity or vol of the IV mannifold to IV site?

A

6 mL

50
Q

capacity or vol of proximal hub (closest hub) IV site?

A

1 mL

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