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MathFinal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula for PAO2?
Pb = 760
P(H2o) = 47

A

PAO2 = (Pb - PH20) (FIO2) - PaCO2 x 1.25

= (760 - 47)(FIO2) - PaCO2 x 1.25

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2
Q

What is the formula for dynamic compliance?

A

VT / peak - peep = ml/cm H20

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3
Q

What is the formula for static compliance

A

Cstat = VT / plateau - peep = ml/cm H2o

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4
Q

What is the formula for Airway resistance?

A

Raw = Peak - Plateau / Flow in l/sec = ml/l sec

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5
Q

If your resistance increases what happens to compliance, do they increase or decrease?

A

Compliance will decrease, they are inversely related

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6
Q

What is the pressure inside of the lungs?

A

-5

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7
Q

You can find the plateau pressure by having a patient perform this?

A

Breath Hold

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8
Q

When comparing the compliance, if ______ or _____ change you cannot compare numbers?

A

Flow or tidal volume

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9
Q

The C dyn measures what 2 things?

A

resistance & stiffness

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10
Q

The Cstat measures what?

A

Stifness

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11
Q

The plateau pressure looks at what?

A

Stiffness

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12
Q

What happens to your pressure when you add PEEP?

A

The pressure will go up

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13
Q

What is the name of the liquid that a drug is dissolved into such as sterile water?

A

Solvent

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14
Q

The solid drug that is dissolved into the liquid is called the ______.

A

Solute

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15
Q

With solutions & dilutions problems we measuring what 3 things?

A

Weight/Weight
Weight/Volume
Volume/Volume

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16
Q

T or F: Hypoventilation will show an increase in the A/a gradient

A

False; Hypoventilation normal gradients and/or ratios

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17
Q

On room air, the radiant should be less than ____ mm Hg for every 10 years.

A

the radiant should be less than 4 mm Hg for every 10 yrs

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18
Q

On 100% O2, every _____ mm Hg difference in gradient is approximately ______% shunt

A

every 50 mmHg difference in gradiant is approximately 2 % shunt

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19
Q

A/a ratio normal value is _______

A

greater than 80%

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20
Q

This does not change according to O2 levels
A. A/a ratio
B. P(A-a)O2

A

A/a ratio

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21
Q

What is a normal value for a shunt?

A

Less than 10%

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22
Q

This formula is used to calculate to calculate the portion of cardiac output not taking place in gas exchange.

A

Shunt Equation

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23
Q

The mixture of solute & solvent is called what?

A

Solution

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24
Q

The solid drug dissolved in a liquid is called?

A

Solute

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25
Q

Water is an example of a good ______?

A

Solvent

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26
Q

T or F: When a small quantity of solute is dissolved in an aqueous solution the total volume will increase?

A

False, the total VOLUME will not change

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27
Q

What is the first of the 3 flags for solutions & dilutions?

A

Percent is parts per 100

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28
Q

What is the 2nd flag?

A

Ratios are always 1 : something

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29
Q

What is the 3rd flat?

A

You cannot dilute something & make it stronger

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30
Q

1 gram of water = _____ ml of water

A

1 g of water = _1___ ml of water

31
Q

What things will cause and increase in PIP (peak inspiratory flow) & plateau?

A 
Increased tidal volume
decreased pulmonary compliance
Pulmonary edema
Pleural effusion
Peritoneal gas insufflation
Tension pneumothorax
Trendelinburg
Ascites
Abdominal packing
Endobronchial  Intubation
32
Q

What can cause increased PIP with no change to plateau?

A 
Increased inspiratory gas flow rate
Increased airway resistance
Kinked ET tube
Secretions
Foreign body aspirations
Airway compression
ET tube cuff herniation
33
Q

What is a normal shunt value?

A

Less than 10% is normal

34
Q

A shunt value of 20-30% is labeled how?

A

Significant intrapulmonary shunting

35
Q

A shunt value of greater than 30% is labeled how?

A

Critical & severe intrapulmonary shunting

36
Q

A shunt value between 10 - 20% is labeled how?

A

Mild intrapulmonary shunting

37
Q

What does the shunt formula of Qsp / Qt represent?

A

Physiological shunt / total perfusion ratio

38
Q

What are the names of some anatomical shunt producing diseases?

A

Congenital heart disease
Intrapulmonary fistulas
Vascular lung tumors

39
Q

What are the names of some diseases that produce capillary shunts?

A

Atelectasis

Alveolar fluid

40
Q

What are the names of some diseases that produce venous admixture shunt?

A

Hypoventilation

V/Q mismatch

41
Q

What is the shunt formula?

A

CcO2 - CaO2 / CcO2 - CvO2

42
Q

What does CcO2 represent?

A

End capillary oxygen content in vol%

43
Q

What does CvO2 represent

A

Mixed venous oxygen conten in vol%

44
Q

What does CaO2 represent?

A

Arterial oxygen content in vol %

45
Q

What is the formula for CcO2?

A

CcO2= (PAO2 x .003) + (Hb x 1.34 x ScO2)

you can assume that ScO2 = 1

46
Q

What is the formula for CvO2?

A

CvO2 = (PvO2 x .003) + (Hb x 1.34 x SvO2)

47
Q

What is the formula for CaO2?

A

CaO2 = (PaO2 x .003) + (Hb x 1.34 x SaO2)

48
Q

CaO2 represents what?

A

The arterial O2 content

49
Q

What is a normal value for CaO2?

A

16 - 20 vol%

50
Q

There are 2 parts of the CaO2 formula; which part represents the dissolved portion of O2?

A

PaO2 x .003

51
Q

Which part of the CaO2 formula represents the combined portion of O2 with Hb

A

Hb x SaO2 x 1.34

52
Q

Name diseases which will cause the Hb to rise causing a larger CaO2 value?

A

Hyperoxia, Polycthemia

53
Q

Name a disease which will cause the Hb to lower causing a decrease in CaO2 value?

A

Anemia, Hypoxia

54
Q 
What does the CcO2 value describe?
1.  The arterial O2 content
2.  The best O2 content possible at the pulmonary end-capillary level
3.  The optimal oxygen carrying capacity of the cardiopulmonary system
A.  1, 2, & 3
B.  1 & 2
C.  2 & 3
D.  1 & 3
A

C. 2 & 3
The best O2 content possible at the pulmonary end capillary level & the optimal O2 carrying capacity of the cardiopulmonary system

55
Q

What is the formula for CcO2?

A

CcO2 = (PAO2 x 0.003) + (Hb x 1.34 x ScO2)

Assume ScO2 = 1

56
Q

What is the alveolar equation?

A

PAO2 = (760-47)(FIO2) - PaCO2 x 1.25

57
Q

What does the 760 in the PAO2 formula represent?

A

Pb–atmospheric pressure

58
Q

What does the 47 in the PAO2 formula represent?

A

PH2o

59
Q 
What does CvO2 represent?
A.  End capillary O2 Content
B.  Arterial Content
C.  Saturation level of arterial blood
D.  Mixed Venous Oxygen Content
A

D. Mixed Venous O2 content

60
Q 
What is a normal value for CvO2?
A.  16-20 vol%
B.  12-15 vol%
C.  16-20 mm Hg
D.  16-20 vol%
A

B. A normal value for CvO2 is 12-15 vol%

61
Q 
Factors that will cause a decrease in your CvO2 include:
1.  Exercise causing an increased metabolic rate
2.  Anemia
3.  Hypoxemia
4.  Congestive Heart Failure 
A.  1, 2, & 4
B.  2, 3, & 4
C.  1, 2, 3, 4
D.  3 & 4
A

C. 1, 2, 3 4

62
Q

T or F; A decrease in you cardiac output will cause a decrease in your CvO2

A

True

63
Q

T or F; Exercise will cause a decrease in your CvO2 level

A

True; Exercise will cause an increased metabolic rate causing a decrease in CvO2 levels

64
Q

T or F; A decrease in your metabolic rate will cause a decrease in your CvO2 level

A

False; A decrease in metabolic rate will cause an increase in your CvO2 such as with exercise
Exercise = increased metabolic rate = decreased CvO2 level

65
Q

What is the formula for CvO2?

A

CvO2 = (PvO2 x .003) + (Hb x 1.34 x SvO2)

66
Q 
What does SvO2 represent?
A.  Mixed venous O2 saturation
B.  Mixed venous O2 tension or pressure mm hg
C.  Arterial content
D.  Hb level in venous blood
A

Mixed venous O2 saturation

67
Q 
What does PvO2 represent?
A.  Mixed venous O2 saturation
B .  Mixed venous O2 tension or pressure mm hg
C.  Arterial O2 content
D.  Hb level in venous blood
A

B. Mixed venous O2 tension or pressure

68
Q 
What condition/diseases can cause increased or abnormal shunting?
1.  hypoventilation
2.  Anemia
3.  Atelectasis
4.  V/Q mismatch
5.  Pneumothorax
A.  1,2, 3, 4, & 5
B.  1, 2, 3, 4
C.  1, 2, 3, 5
D.  1 & 2
E.  1, 2, & 3
A

B. 1, 2, 3, 4

Hypoventilation, Anemia, atelectasis, V/Q mismatch are conditions associated with increased shunting

69
Q 
What would you expect to happen with an increase in FIO2
A.  The PaO2 would increase
B.  The PaO2 would decrease
C.  The PAO2 would increase
D.  The PAO2 would decrease
A

FIO2 and PAO2 are directly related;

C. If your FIO2 increases then your PAO2 should increase

70
Q

What is a normal value for the P(A-a)O2 gradient on room air?
A. 100%
B. 60-100%
C. Less than 4 mmHg for every 10yrs of age
D. Does not have an assigned value

A

C. Less than 4 mmHg for every 10 yrs of age

71
Q

If you are estimating your shunt with the P(A-a)O2 gradient what would you expect a normal shunt value to be?
A. Less than 10%
B. Every 50 mm Hg difference in the P(A-a) of O2 is approximately a 2? shunt
C. Unable to determine

A

B. Every 50 mm Hg difference in the P(A-a) of O2 is approximately a 2% shunt

72
Q

Would medicine be considered a solvent or a solute?

A

Solute

73
Q

Is water considered to be the solvent or the solute when you use it for diluting?

A

Solvent

Math (1 decks)

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