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General Chemistry 1 > Matter and it's properties > Flashcards

Matter and it's properties Flashcards

1
Q

Three different words to refer to water.

A
  • water (liquid)
  • ice (solid)
  • steam (gas)
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2
Q

What are the 4 states of matter?

A
  1. Solid
  2. Liquid
  3. Gas
  4. Plasma
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3
Q

What is a solid?

A

A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume. The shape of a solid doesn’t depend on the shape of its container.

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4
Q

Describe the arrangement, relative spacing, and relative motion of the particles in a solid.

A

The particles in a solid are packed tightly together, often in an orderly arrangement. As a result, solids are almost incompressible; that is, it is difficult to squeeze a solid into a smaller volume. In addition, solids expand only slightly when heated.

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5
Q

What is a liquid?

A

A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, and yet has a fixed volume.

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6
Q

Describe the arrangement, relative spacing, and relative motion of the particles in a liquid.

A

The particles in a liquid are in close contact with one another, but the arrangement of particles in a liquid is not rigid or orderly. Because the particles in a liquid are free to flow, a liquid takes the shape of the container in which it is placed.

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7
Q

Do the volume of liquid change?

A

However, the volume of the liquid doesn’t change as its shape changes.

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8
Q

Are liquids compressible?

A

Liquids are almost incompressible. However, they tend to expand slightly when heated.

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9
Q

What is gas?

A

Gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container, just like a liquid. But, unlike a liquid, a gas can expand to fill any volume, which means that gas has an indefinite shape and indefinite volume.

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10
Q

Describe the arrangement, relative spacing, and relative motion of the particles in a gas.

A

The particles in a gas are usually much farther apart than the particles in a liquid. Because of the space between particles, gases are easily compressed into a smaller volume.

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11
Q

What’s the difference between a vapor and a gas?

A

The term gas is used for substances, like oxygen, that exist in the gaseous state at room temperature. While, vapor describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature, as in water vapor.

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12
Q

What is plasma?

A

Plasma is a hot ionized gas that has an equal number of positively charged ions (protons) and negatively charged electrons (electrons).It does not gave definite shape or volume.

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13
Q

How is a plasma formed?

A

Plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to an electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator.

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14
Q

What is the most abundant form of matter in the universe?

A

plasma

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15
Q

What is the common form of plasma on earth?

A

Neon signs

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16
Q

A substance is in a state in which it takes the shape of its container. What state or states could it be in?

A

The substance could be either a liquid or a gas, as each takes the shape of its container.

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17
Q

What is the melting point of gallium metal?

A

30 degrees Celsius

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18
Q

During this, some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change.

A

Physical Change

19
Q

What are words used to describe physical changes?

A
  1. boil
  2. freeze
  3. melt
  4. condense
  5. break
  6. split
  7. grind
  8. cut
  9. crush
20
Q

How can physical changes be classified?

A

Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible.

21
Q

What are words used to describe a reversible type of physical change?

A

boil, freeze, melt, and condense

22
Q

What are words used to describe an irreversible type of physical change?

A

break, split, grind, cut, crush

23
Q

What happens if a sample of liquid gallium cools below its melting point?

A

If a sample of liquid gallium cools below its melting point, the liquid will become solid.

24
Q

What type of physical change involves a change from one state to another?

A

reversible

25
Q

Water boils and becomes water vapor. Is this a reversible or irreversible physical change?

A

It is a reversible physical change because it involves a change from one state to another.

26
Q

Properties used to describe matter can be classified as what?

A

Extensive or Intensive properties

27
Q

What is a mass?

A

The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains.

28
Q

What is matter?

A

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

29
Q

What is volume?

A

The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object.

30
Q

What is an extensive property?

A

An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample.

31
Q

What is an intensive property

A

An intensive property is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter.

32
Q

What are the properties used to describe matter?

A

Physical property and Chemical property

33
Q

What is physical property?

A

A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition.

34
Q

What are examples of physical properties?

A

hardness, color, conductivity, malleability, melting point and boiling point

35
Q

When can you say when an object has undergone a physical change?

A

There are changes in size, shape, and state.

36
Q

Is color a physical change or a chemical change?

A

The color of a matter itself is a characteristic categorized as a physical property, however, the act or process of a matter changing from one color to another is no longer a physical change, but is considered a chemical change.

37
Q

What is the boiling point and the melting point of a colorless substance, called water?

A

Boiling point: 100 degrees C
Melting point: 0 degrees C

38
Q

What do you call a colorless substance that has a boiling point of 100 degrees C and a melting point or freezing point of 0 degrees C?

A

Water

39
Q

What are the boiling point and the melting point of ethanol?

A

Boiling point: 78 degrees C
Melting point: -117 degrees C

40
Q

Glass is often used to make windows, while copper is often used in electrical wires. What properties of glass make it a desirable material to use for windows?

A

Glass is transparent, so it can be seen through; hard, so it stays in place within window frames; and heat resistant, so it helps prevent the transfer of heat between outside and inside.

41
Q

You want to compile a list of properties of a substance, but you don’t have a way to measure mass or volume. What kinds of properties can you determine without knowing the amount of matter in the sample?

A

You can determine the sample’s intensive properties.

42
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change in one or more physical properties of matter without change in chemical properties.

43
Q

Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition. True or False?

A

True

43
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

Chemical changes lead to a change in the composition of the matter involved.

General Chemistry 1 (1 decks)

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