Maximenko et al, 2019, Frontiers in Marine Sciences "Toward the Integrated Marine Debris Observing System" Flashcards
What is the main goal of the Integrated Marine Debris Observing System (IMDOS)
To provide global coverage and accuracy in monitoring marine debris, understanding its dynamics, and supporting mitigation efforts.
What are the primary challenges in monitoring marine debris?
Sparse and inaccurate observations, complex debris hydrodynamics, and the lack of comprehensive data on debris sources, composition, distribution, and degradation processes.
What technologies will IMDOS use for remote sensing of marine debris?
Optical sensors, high-resolution imaging, multi- and hyperspectral technologies, fluorescence, Raman technologies, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR).
Which platforms will deploy the remote sensing technologies in IMDOS?
Satellites, aircraft, ships, buoys, and hand-held tools
How will in situ observations contribute to IMDOS?
They will provide data for calibration and validation of remote sensors and monitor the spread of plastic pollution, involving volunteers, citizen scientists, and ships of opportunity.
Why is integration with other observing systems important for IMDOS?
To coordinate with systems monitoring physical, chemical, and biological processes, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the ocean ecosystem and maritime activities.
What impact will IMDOS have on policy and mitigation efforts?
It will provide necessary data to inform new regulations, track mitigation effectiveness, and support sustainable management practices.
What is the estimated amount of plastic waste entering the oceans annually?
Between 4.8 and 12.7 million metric tons.
How much plastic was estimated to be floating at the sea surface in the highest estimates?
Up to 236,000 metric tons.
What is the role of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) in relation to marine debris?
To prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution, including marine debris, by 2025 as part of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 14.1.
What is the significance of remote sensing technologies in IMDOS?
They provide spatially coherent coverage and consistent time series for monitoring debris on local to global scales.
What are the expected benefits of synthesizing data from IMDOS?
Support for innovative multi-disciplinary research and serving a diverse community of users, including policymakers, environmentalists, and scientists.
What are some initiatives that IMDOS builds upon?
Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP), and other previous initiatives to monitor marine debris.
What are some key characteristics of marine debris that complicate its measurement?
Varied sizes and shapes, complex chemical compositions, unknown sources and sinks, and diverse decay processes.
Why is there a need for a standardized approach in marine debris monitoring?
To ensure accurate, comprehensive, and comparable data collection, which is crucial for understanding global debris dynamics and implementing effective regulations.
