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Science > Mechanical Engineering And Sum Other Shit > Flashcards

Mechanical Engineering And Sum Other Shit Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 5 constraints.

A
  1. torsion
  2. compression
  3. tension
  4. deflection
  5. sheering
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2
Q

What is torsion?

A

The act of something being twisted

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3
Q

What is compression?

A

A forced being pushed from both sides of the object “Crushing” it ——>

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4
Q

What is tension?

A

Being stretched

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5
Q

What is deflection force?

A

To resist an impact being forced upon it

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6
Q

What is sheering?

A

The forcing of something tearing

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7
Q

Properties

What is ductility?

A

Ability to be drawn into a wire

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8
Q

Properties

What is malleability?

A

Ability to be shaped or flattened into a sheet

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9
Q

Properties

What is resilience?

A

Ability to resist impact

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10
Q

Properties

What’s is rigidity/stiffness?

A

Inability to be bent or forced out of shape

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11
Q

Properties

What is flexibility?

A

Will not keep its shape when subjected to a force

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12
Q

Properties

What is thermal conductivity?

A

Ability to allow heat to go through

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13
Q

Properties

What is electrical conductivity?

A

Ability to allow an electrical current to flow through

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14
Q

Properties

What is resistance to corrosion?

A

The ability to resist rusting

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15
Q

Ceramics

Name common properties of ceramics

A

Low electrical conductivity: used as insulators in electronics

Hardness: used in building materials(bricks) and for certain cutting tools

Heat resistance

Low thermal conductivity: used in ducts for fumes and water

Resistance to corrosion: used in engines

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16
Q

Ceramics

What causes ceramics to degrade?

A

Acids ( like sulphur) and bases ( like calcium hydroxide)

And variation in temperature degrade the properties of the material

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17
Q

Ceramics

What is used as a protection to protect ceramic from degradation?

A

There is no protection since practice are so durable

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18
Q

Plastics

What is a thermoplastic?

A

Plastics that can be heated and reshaped many times without losing its properties.

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19
Q

Plastics

What is thermosetting plastic?

A

Type of plastic that can only be heated and shaped once… otherwise if heated more than once it will lose its properties

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20
Q

Plastics

Which type of plastic is recyclable?

A

Thermoplastic(because they need to be heated and reshaped to be reused)

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21
Q

Plastics

Name 3 causes of degradation of plastics

A
  1. penetration by liquid
  2. Oxidation
  3. Ultraviolet rays

These causes makes the plastic crack and change its colour

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22
Q

Plastics

How can you protect plastics from degradation?

A
  1. Protection with a waterproof coating
  2. Adding antioxidants (fights against oxidation
  3. adding pigments that absorb UV rays
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23
Q

Links

What’s the difference between direct and indirect link?

A

Direct: two parts held together without a linking component

Indirect: two parts that need a linking component to hold them together

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24
Q

Links

What’s the difference between rigid and flexible?

A

Rigid: unable to bend or be forced out of shape

Flexible: linking component can be deformed(rubber,spring)

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25
Q

Links

What’s the difference between complete and partial?

A

Complete: the link prevents parts from moving independently from one another

Partial: link allows one part to move independently from the other.

26
Q

Links

What’s the difference between removable and non removable?

A

Removable: parts can be separated without damaging them ( pen and cap)

Non removable: removing the link component will damage its parts

27
Q

Guiding controls

Name three guiding controls

A

Translation
Rotational
Helical

28
Q

Friction

What is adhesion?

A

Two surfaces remain in contact with each other without slipping

29
Q

Friction

When friction is increased do you slip less or more?

A

Less

30
Q

Friction

Name 5 ways to reduce friction

A 
Lubrication 
Low temperature 
Smooth surface 
Lower the weight=less friction 
Sanding
31
Q

Friction

Name 5 ways to increase friction

A

No lubrication
High temperature
Rougher surface=more friction
Higher the weight=more friction

32
Q

Gears

What does it mean when a motion transmission or transformation system is réversible?

A

The driven can be the driver and it still functions

33
Q

Gears

Any gear with teeth needs what to lower friction?

A

Lubrication

34
Q

Gears

  1. The more teeth a gear has the_________ it will rotate
  2. The less teeth a gear has the_________it will rotate
A
  1. Slower

2. Faster

35
Q

Motion transmission system

Name the 5 types of motion transmission systems.

A
  1. Gear trains
  2. Chain and sprocket
  3. worm and worm gear
  4. Friction gears
  5. Belt and pulley system
36
Q

Motion transmission system

Which motion transmission system is irreversible?

A

Worm and worm gear system

37
Q

Motion transmission system

What are some elements you need to consider when building a gear train?(4)

A

Gear teeth must be identical
Must have same shape
Be equally spaced
Contains at least 2 gears that mesh together

Ex eggbeater,watch

38
Q

Motion transmission system

What is a chain a sprocket system?

A

Consists of at least 2 gears that do not mesh and are connected by a chain. This system is used to transmit motion between two or more distant parts

39
Q

Motion transmission system

When building a chain and sprocket system what are some elements to consider when building the system?(4)

A
  • teeth on sprocket must be identical
  • the chain links must mesh with the sprocket teeth
  • system requires frequent lubrication
  • smaller the sprocket faster it turn
40
Q

Motion transmission system

What is a belt and pulley system?

A

Similar to chain and sprocket system however the gears have NO teeth and are referred to as pulleys, they are connected by a belt.

41
Q

Motion transmission system

What are elements needed to be considered when building a belt and pulley system?(3)

A
  • pulleys must contain a groove where the belt can fit and the groove must be smooth
  • the belt must adhere (stick) to the groove and not slip.
  • the smaller the pulley the faster it turns
42
Q

Motion transmission system

What’s a worm and worm gear system?

A

Consists of worm(screw) whose rotational motion is transmitted to one or more worm gears

43
Q

Motion transmission system

What are some elements to consider when building a worm and worm gear system?(3)

A
  • the groove of the worm must fit in the gear Teeth
  • the driver must be the worm(screw)
  • 1 rotation of the worm (screw)= gear moves 1 tooth a head
44
Q

Motion transmission system

What is a friction gear system?

A

Similar to gear trains except that friction gears do not have teeth. Motion is transmitted by friction between the gears.

45
Q

Motion transmission system

What are some elements to consider when building a friction gear system?(3)

A
  • Type of rotational axes
  • the larger the diameter=slower rotation
  • made of material that will adhere( stick) to one another
46
Q

Speed changes in a Motion transmission system

Explain the speed change in a worm and worm gear.

A

For each full turn of the worm(screw), the worm gear move a distance equal to the width of one tooth on the worm gear.

The greater the number of teeth on the worm gear=major decrease in speed

47
Q

Speed change in motion transmission system

When the driver is bigger/has more teeth than the driven gear. What is the speed change?

A

Increase

48
Q

Speed change in motion transmission system

When the driver gear is smaller/less teeth than the driven gear. What is the speed change?

A

Decrease

49
Q

Speed change in motion transmission system

When the driver and driven have the same diameter/number of teeth. What is the speed change?

A

No change

50
Q

What is the speed ratio?

A

Driver
——-
Driven

51
Q

What is the difference between an mission transmission system and a motion transformation system?

A

Motion transmission: transfers same type of motion from one gear to another (rotational to rotational, translational to translational)

Motion transformation: When a motion from one gear is transformed into a different motion when in contact with another gear (translational to Rotational)

52
Q

Motion transformation system

Name the 5 motion transformation systems.

A
  1. Rack an pinion
  2. Cam and follower
  3. Screw gear system 1
  4. Screw gear system 2
  5. Slider Crank
53
Q

Motion transformation system

Which systems are irreversible?

A
  • Screw gear system 1&2

- Cam and follower

54
Q

Motion transformation system

What is a rack and pinion?

A

Contains at least one gear called a pinion and one straight bar called the rack

55
Q

Motion transformation system

What are 3 elements to consider when building a rack and pinion system?

A
  • teeth on rack and pinion must be identical
  • system requires lubrication
  • the greater the number of teeth on the pinion= slower its rotation
56
Q

Motion transformation system

What’s the difference between screw gear system 1 & 2?

A

Both contain a screw and nut
Screw gear system 1:
- the screw is the driver
- it’s rotational motion is transformed into translational motion of the nut

Screw gear system 2:

  • nut is driver
  • it’s rotational motion is transformed into translational motion of the screw
57
Q

Motion transformation system

What is the motion transformation of a Cam and follower?

A

The rotational motion of the Cam makes the follower have a translating motion

58
Q

Motion transformation system

What are elements to be considered when building a Cam and follower system?(2)

A
  • the follower must be guided in its translational motion

- a spring is needed to keep the follower in contact with the cam

59
Q

Motion transformation system

What motion transformation does the slider crank endure?

A

The translational motion of the piston, makes the crank rotate causing the wheels to turn

60
Q

Motion transformation system

What elements should be considered when building a slider crank mechanism?

A
  • rod connects the piston to the crank
  • the Cylinder must guide the slider
  • need lubricantiom

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