Mechanism of injury and trauma-specific chest trauma Flashcards
what are Fractured ribs
Isolated break of the integrity of the bone in one place. can range from a hairline fracture to a complete fracture of the bone.
what is a Flail segment
Complete fracture of rib in two places in one or more adjacent rib.
What is a flail segment characterized by?
pain
paradoxical movement of the chest wall.
what is a CLOSED pneumothorax caused by?
Trauma or pressure changes
What is an Open pneumothorax caused by?
Penetrating injury (sucking chest wound)
Tension pneumothorax is a
- life-threatening conditions
Tension pneumothorax
a flap of tissue acts as a one-way valve. this allows air to enter but not escape causing pressure to constantly rise in the thoracic cavity.
Haemothorax is caused by
damage to the lungs which causes bleeding in the pleural cavity.
What can a haemothorax cause?
hypovolaemia
LOOK FOR SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK.
what is a Cardiac tamponade?
Blood entering the pericardial sac
Cardiac tamponade will cause
Compression of ventricles to increase
Aortic rupture is caused by
blunt and penetrative trauma
Compression of the aorta under extreme pressure through mechanism of injury can cause the aorta to rupture.
Aortic rupture can lead to
Hypovolaemia and death
Signs and symptoms of a aortic rupture.
- Dyspnea
- Panic and anxiety
- cyanosis
- haemoptysis
- pain
- tachycardia
- Asymmetry of chest wall
