Med Surg Flashcards
Which organ releases the erythropoietin-stimulating factor that directs stems cells in the bone marrow to make blood cells?
A. Brain
B. Lung
C. Kidney
D. Liver
C. Kidney
What is the average life span of a red blood cell (RBC)
A. 30 days
B. 90 days
C. 100 days
D. 120 days
D. 120 days
Which organ can help the body compensate in the event of a massive hemorrhage episode by contracting and adding blood to the circulating volume?
A. Spleen
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Bone Marrow
A. Spleen
When the nurse notices a rise in the eosinophil count, which problem does she suspect?
A. Bacterial Infection
B. Allergy
C. Viral Infection
D. Blood Dyscrasia
B. Allergy
Jaundice results in excessive release of which substance into the bloodstream?
A. Histamine
B. Bilirubin
C. Plasma
D. Platelets
B. Bilirubin
The nurse is caring for a patient with pernicious anemia. The patient asks the nurse why she experiences constant fatigue. Which response most accurately answers the patients question?
A. “Your anemia causes inadequate oxygen delivery to your cells, which causes you to feel fatigue.”
B. “Your anemia causes an enlarged spleen, which makes breathing difficult and leads to fatigue.”
C. “Your anemia causes proliferation of white cells, which leads to fatigue.”
D. “Your anemia causes excessive manufacture of red blood cells, which overworks your body and leads to fatigue.”
A. Your anemia causes inadequate oxygen delivery to your cells, which causes you to feel fatigue.
The nurse is caring for an older adult patient who is confused and irritable. The nurse reviews the patients history and notes that it is negative for dementia. Which potential underlying problem should the nurse suspect?
A. Leukopenia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypoxia
D. Hyperbilirubinemia
C. Hypoxia
The nurse is reviewing a patients assessment data upon admission to the acute care facility. Which finding best indicates iron deficiency anemia?
A. Pulse of 90 beats/min
B. Yellow sclera
C. Tea-colored urine
D. Pale conjunctivae
D. Pale conjunctivae
Which age related changes occur in the hematologic system?
A. Decreased blood volume
B. Decreased bone marrow production
C. Decreased rate of blood cell production
D. Increased immune response
E. Increased clotting time
A. Decreased blood volume
B. Decreased bone marrow production
C. Decreased rate of blood cell production
E. Increased clotting time
Which statements describe functions of blood?
A. To absorb nutrients
B. To transport blood gases
C. To regulate pH by buffering
D. To regulate fluid distribution
E. To regulate body temperature
B. To transport blood gases
C. To regulate pH by buffering
D. To regulate fluid distribution
E. To regulate body temperature
The nurse is assessing a patient with a dark complexion for cyanosis. To ensure the most accurate assessment, which locations should the nurse inspect?
A. Conjunctiva
B. Gums
C. Roof of the mouth
D. Nail beds
E. Palms of the hands
B. Gums
C. Root of the mouth
Which actions should the nurse take to help the severely anemic patient conserve energy?
A. Manage care to include frequent rest periods.
B. Assist with ADLS.
C. Place personal care items close at hand.
D. Arrange for small meals with between-meal snacks.
E. Ensure that exercise sessions are planned during the morning.
A. Manage care to include frequent rest periods.
B. Assist with ADL’s
C. Place personal care items close at hand
D. Arrange for small meals with between meal snacks
The nurse is caring for a patient with anemia who has a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and acid reflux. The nurse is aware the patients anemia is likely related to which condition?
A. Diabetes
B. Hypertension
C. Chronic Kidney Disease
D. Acid reflux
C. Chronic kidney disease
The home health nurse is caring for a patient who is taking ferrous sulfate (feosol). Which statement indicates that the patient requires additional teaching about the medication?
A. “It tastes better when I take my medicine with milk.”
B. “My wife says I should take my medicine with orange juice.”
C. “I am always careful not to break open the capsule.”
D. “I usually take my iron with my whole-grain toast during breakfast.”
A. It tastes better when I take my medication with milk
The nurse is caring for a 20 year old female patient with sickle cell trait which statement accurately reflects this patients condition?
A. The condition will evolve into sickle cell anemia as she ages.
B. All of her children will have sickle cell
anemia.
C. The trait will be transmitted to male children only.
D. The trait can be passed on to all children.
D. The trait can be passed on to all children
The nurse is caring for a patient with sickle cell anemia. Which intervention may best help prevent sickle cell crisis?
A. Taking iron supplements daily
B. Maintaining adequate fluid intake
C. Engaging in daily exercise
D. Eating leafy green vegetables
B. Maintaining adequate fluid intake
The nurse is assessing a patient with polycythemia Vera. Which finding is consistent with this disorder?
A. Pallor
B. Blood pressure (BP) of 100/60
C. Hemoglobin of 17 mg/dL
D. Agitation
C. Hemoglobin of 117 mg/dL
How often should a patient with polycythemia have phlebotomy to thin the blood?
A. Every 2 to 3 weeks
B. Monthly
C. Every 2 to 3 months
D. Semiannually
C. Every 2 to 3 months
The home health nurse is caring for a patient with polycythemia Vera. Which focus is most important for the nurse to emphasize?
A. Maintenance of high fluid intake
B. Daily exercise to reduce weight
C. Daily dose of anticoagulants
D. Adequate intake of vitamin C
A. Maintenance of high fluid intake
Which statement accurately describes induction therapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
A. Induction therapy is an intensive protocol of chemotherapy in high doses to achieve remission.
B. Induction therapy is a long-term protocol with smaller doses of chemotherapy to achieve a cure.
C. Induction therapy is a 2-to 5-year low-dose chemotherapy regimen to reduce painful symptoms.
D. Induction therapy is a combination of
chemotherapy and radiation to achieve remission.
A. Induction therapy is an intensive protocol of chemotherapy in high doses to achieve remission
When caring for a patient with advanced multiple myeloma, the nursing staff must exercise extreme care to prevent which complication?
A. Pain
B. Hematomas
C. Muscle spasms
D. Pathologic fractures
D. Pathological fractures
Blood infusions must be started within how many minutes of its arrival on the unit?
A. 10 minutes
B. 15 minutes
C. 30 minutes
D. 60 minutes
C. 30 minutes
The nurse makes a visual aid differentiating between mild, moderate and severe anemia. Which signs and symptoms are manifestations of mild anemia?
A. Hemoglobin of 14.4 g/dL
B. Palpitations
C. Dyspnea on exertion
D. Pallor
E. Fatigue
B. Palpitations
C. Dyspnea on exertion
The nurse is caring for a patient with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse should encourage intake of which foods?
A. Liver
B. Lima beans
C. Prune juice
D. Cabbage
E. Dried apricots
A. Liver
B. Lima beans
C. Prune juice
E. Dried apricots
The patient with AML has a platelet count 95,000. What interventions should the nurse include in the patient’s care plan?
A. Observe for melena and hematuria.
B. Instruct the patient to brush and floss at least twice daily.
C. Measure abdominal girth daily.
D. Apply ice and pressure to puncture sites.
E. Instruct the patient to use an electric razor.
A. Observe for melena and hematuria
C. Measure abdominal girth daily
D. Apply ice & pressure to puncture sites
E. Instruct the patient to use an electric razor
The nurse is monitoring a patient who is receiving a blood transfusion. Which findings would lead the nurse to stop the infusion?
A. Report of chills
B. Headache
C. Back pain
D. Report of a rash
E. Fever
B. Headache
C. Back pain
D. Report of rash
E. Fever
The nurse cautions that constant stress can cause which alteration to the gastrointestinal (GI) system?
A. Slowed Gl mobility resulting in constipation
B. Reversed peristalsis resulting in projectile vomiting
C. Increased digestive juices resulting in a gastric ulcer
D. Decrease digestive juices resulting in
ineffective metabolism
C. Increased digestive juices resulting in a gastric ulcer
The nurse is obtaining the history of a patient with hepatitis A. Which question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask?
A. “If using drugs, do you share needles?”
B. “Do you always practice safe sex?”
C. “Have you traveled to Canada in the last month?”
D. “Do you eat shellfish or oysters often?”
D. Do you eat shellfish and or oysters often
The nurse caring for an 80 year old women who is undergoing the extensive bowel preparation for a colonoscopy. The nurse should most closely monitor the patient for which potential complication?
A. Diarrhea
B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Fatigue
D. Dyspnea
B. Metabolic acidosis
When assessing a patients bowel sounds, the nurse auscultates loud bowel sounds in each quadrant every 3 seconds. The nurse understands that these findings could indicate that the patient is experiencing which condition?
A. Diarrhea
B. Paralytic ileus
C. Vomiting
D. Constipation
A. Diarrhea
The nurse is percussing a patients abdomen and hears a dull thud in the right upper quadrant. This sound indicates that nurse is percussing over which location?
A. The liver
B. The small intestine
C. The stomach
D. The lungs
A. The liver
The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of an assigned patient. The serum bilirubin is 2.8mg/dl. The nurse anticipates that the patients urine will display which finding?
A. Dark color
B. Low specific gravity
C. Very scant amount
D. Foul odor
A. Dark color
