Mediastinum

Question 1

What level does the sternal angle sit at?

Answer 1

T4

Question 2

What structures lie at the sternal angle?

Answer 2

Aortic arch, carina of trachea, thymus, oesophagus

Question 3

What are the levels of the pericardium?

Answer 3

Fibrous (Outer),

Serous (Inner)

• parietal
• visceral

Question 4

The is the purpose of the transverse sinus?

Answer 4

Potential space which separates the outflow vessels from the inflow vessels of the heart.

Question 5

What is the coronary sulcus?

Answer 5

Groove between the atria and the ventricles which holds the coronary arteries and veins

Question 6

What percentage of the population has right dominance?

Answer 6

80%

Question 7

What percentage of the population has left dominance?

Answer 7

10%

Question 8

What are the anterior and posterior borders of the oblique sinus?

Answer 8

Ant: Left atrium
Pos: Pericardium/ oesophagus

Question 9

What is the pair of the great cardiac vein?

Answer 9

Circumflex

Question 10

What is the pair of the middle cardiac vein?

Answer 10

Posterior interventricular artery

Question 11

What is the pair of the small cardiac vein?

Answer 11

Right marginal artery?

Question 12

What is the name of the medial impression in the right atrium in adults?

Answer 12

Fossa ovalis

Question 13

What is the name of the hole in the right foetuses

Answer 13

Foramen ovale

Question 14

What is the moderator band (septomarginal trabecula)

Answer 14

It is a muscular band of heart tissue in the right ventricle which carries part of the right bundle branch (bundle of HIS)

Question 15

What is the most common blood supply to the atrioventricular node?

Answer 15

Right coronary artery

Question 16

Where does the thoracic duct drain?

Answer 16

Thoracic duct into the angle of the left subclavian and internal jugular vein

Question 17

Where does the external jugular vein drain?

Answer 17

Subclavian vein

Question 18

Where does the internal jugular vein drain?

Answer 18

Subclavian vein

Question 19

What is the origin of the thoracic duct?

Answer 19

Cisterna chyli

Question 20

What arises from the aortic sinus?

Answer 20

Coronary arteries

Question 21

In what percentage of people does the the SAN artery come off the left artery?

Answer 21

40%

Question 22

What is the limbus of the fossa ovalis?

Answer 22

Border

Question 23

What are trabecula carneae?

Answer 23

Muscles on the walls of the ventricle

Question 24

What is the conus arteriosus?

Answer 24

The area in the superior portion of the right ventricle, before the pulmonary trunk,

Question 25

How many thoracic sympathetic ganglia are there?

Answer 25

12

Question 26

What is the cervical ganglion called on the sympathetic chain?

Answer 26

Stellate ganglion

Question 27

What level does the sympathetic chain extent to?

Answer 27

T2-L1

Question 28

What is myelinated in the sympathetic chain?

Answer 28

White ramus (into ganglion)

Question 29

What is unmyelinated in the sympathetic chain?

Answer 29

Gray ramus (efferent)

Question 30

What are the 4 types of output from the sympathetic chain?

Answer 30

1) Ganglionic synapse and exit through same level in spinal nerve
2) Ganglionic synapse and ascend/ descend to another spinal nerve (cervical)
3) Ganglionic synapse and leave via own nerve (splanchnic)
4) No Ganglionic synapse, and travel to distal ganglion near effector organ

Question 31

What is the vertical ridge along the lateral half of the right atrium called?

Answer 31

Sulcus terminals

Question 32

What does the first intercostal nerve drain into on the right?

Answer 32

Right brachiocephalic vein

Question 33

What does the fifth intercostal nerve drain into on the left?

Answer 33

Right brachiocephalic vein

Question 34

What side is the thoracic duct located at?

Answer 34

Right

Question 35

What side is the lymphatic duct located?

Answer 35

Right

Question 36

What does the internal jugular vein drain into?

Answer 36

Brachiocephalic vein