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Uncategorized > Medical Terminology Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

pulmonary ventilation or ventilation

A

breathing

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2
Q

Respiratory System

A

series of passages that bring outside air in contact with special structures that lie close to blood capillaries

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3
Q

inspiration

A

breathing air into the lungs

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4
Q

expiration

A

breathing air out of the lungs

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5
Q

inhalation

A

also means inspiration

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6
Q

exhalation

A

also means expiration

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7
Q

Pulmonologist

A

physician who specializes in anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the lungs

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8
Q

homeostasis

A

state of equilibrium of the body’s internal environment

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9
Q

oxygen

A

the essential gas suppled by respiration

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10
Q

Respiration

A

Combined activity of various processes that supply oxygen to all body cells and remove carbon dioxide

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11
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular wall that separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity

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12
Q

diaphragm action

A

contracts and relaxes with each inspiration ad expiration

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13
Q

Phrenic

A

pertaining to the diaphragm

sometimes means pertaining to the mind

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14
Q

pleura

A

membrane that surrounds each lung as well as the chest cavity

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15
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

the space between the pleura that covers the lungs and the pleura that lines the thoracic cavity

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16
Q

Left Lung

A

2 lobes

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17
Q

Right Lung

A

3 lobes

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18
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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19
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

air-filled paired cavities in various bones around the nose

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20
Q

pharynx

A

throat

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21
Q

larynx

A

voice box

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22
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract (URT)

A

Nose, Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, Pharynx, Larynx,

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23
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract (LRT)

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli (air sacs), and lungs

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24
Q

epiglottis

A

lidlike structure that covers the larynx during swallowing

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25
Q

Paranasal Sinuses Locations

A

Frontal, Ethmoid, Maxillary, Sphenoid

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26
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus

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27
Q

bronch/o, bronchi/o

A

bronchus

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28
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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29
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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30
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx (voice box)

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31
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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32
Q

nas/o, rhin/o

A

nose

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33
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

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34
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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35
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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36
Q

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o

A

lung

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37
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (windpipe)

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38
Q

oximetry

A

noninvasive photodiagnostic method of monitoring blood oxygen saturation in the arteries

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39
Q

oximeter

A

tool used to measure blood oxygen saturation in the arteries

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40
Q

Common sites for measurements using an oximeter?

A

earlobe or finger

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41
Q

Oxygen Saturation

A

the percentage of hemoglobin molecules that are saturated with oxygn in standardized testing

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42
Q

Normal (eupnea)

A

regular at a rate of 12-20 breaths per minute

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43
Q

bradypnea

A

slower than 12 breaths per minute

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44
Q

tachypnea

A

faster than 20 breaths per minute

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45
Q

Hyperpnea

A

deep breathing faster than 20 breaths per minute

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46
Q

Eupnea

A

normal respiration

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47
Q

dyspnea

A

labored or difficult breathing, patient may complain of shortness of breath

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48
Q

Apnea

A

temporary absence of breathing

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49
Q

orthopnea

A

breathing is uncomfortable in any position except sitting erect or standing

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50
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormally slow breathing

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51
Q

tachypnea

A

fast breathing, could be the result of exercise or physical exertion but can be disease as well

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52
Q

hyperpnea

A

increased respiratory rate or breathing that is deeper than normal

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53
Q

hyperventilation

A

hyperpnea can lead to this, which is increased aeration of the lungs, which reduces carbon dioxide levels in the body and can disrupt homeostasis

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54
Q

carbon monoxide posioning

A

inhalation of automobile exhaust fumes, toxic condition where carbon monoxide gas has been inhaled and binds to hemoglobin molecules. carbon monoxide displaces oxygen from erythrocytes and decreases the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen to the body cells, headache and drowsiness are early symptoms followed by apnea

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55
Q

Spirometry

A

measurement of the amount of air taken into and expelled from the lungs

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56
Q

Vital Capacity (VC)

A

largest volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inspiration

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57
Q

What does a reduction in vital capacity indicate?

A

loss of functioning lung tissue

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58
Q

Acute Respiratory Failure

A

inability of the lungs to perform their ventilatory function

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59
Q

Hypoxia/anoxia

A

deficiency of oxygen, which can be caused by respiratory disorders but can also occur with other conditions

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60
Q

hypoxia causes

A

reduced oxygen concentration in the air at high altitudes or from anemia (decrease in hemoglobin or in number of erythrocytes in the blood or both)

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61
Q

nares/nostrils

A

external openings of the nose

62
Q

nasal septum

A

the partition between the two nasal cavities

63
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of a sinus

64
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nasal membrane

65
Q

rhinorrhea

A

watery discharge from the nose

66
Q

nasopharyngeal

A

pertaining to nose and pharynx

67
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

68
Q

eustachian tube/auditory tube

A

extends from the middle ear to the pharynx, sometimes called otopharyngeal tube, tube that connects the ear with the pharynx

69
Q

laryngopharynx

A

lower part of the pharynx where it divides into the larynx and the esophagus

70
Q

larynx

A

air passes throug

71
Q

esophagus

A

food passes through

72
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

73
Q

aphonia

A

absence of voice, sounds cannot be produced from the larynx (can be caused by laryngitis)

74
Q

phon/o

A

voice

75
Q

dysphonia

A

difficulty speaking or a weak voice

76
Q

aphasia

A

inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs

77
Q

aphasia cause

A

improper functioning of the brain

78
Q

phas/o

A

speech

79
Q

dysphasia

A

speech impairment resulting from a brain lesion, there is a lack of coordination and an inability to arrange words in their proper order

80
Q

laryngalgia

A

pain of the larynx

81
Q

glottis

A

vocal apparatus of the larynx which contains vocal cords (or folds) and the openings between them. muscles open and close the glottis during breathing and regulate the vocal cards during the production of sound

82
Q

laryngeal polyp

A

small, tumor-like growth on the vocal cords that can cause hoarseness

83
Q

epiglottis

A

lidlike structure that covers the larynx during swallowing. it lies superior to the glottis

84
Q

bronchi

A

branching from the trachea, one leading to each lung.

85
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchi

86
Q

sputum

A

material raised from inflamed mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and expelled by coughing

87
Q

bronchoscopic examination

A

how the bronchi are examined

88
Q

tracheobrachial

A

pertaining to bronchi and trachea

89
Q

bronchopulmonary

A

pertaining to the bronchi and the lungs

90
Q

bronchioles

A

little bronchi

91
Q

-ole

A

little

92
Q

pulmonary edema

A

effusion of fluid into the air spaces and tissue spaces of the lungs, major cause is by insufficient cardiac activity

93
Q

CAL

A

chronic airflow limitation

94
Q

thorax

A

chest

95
Q

pneumothorax

A

air or gas in the chest cavity, specifically the pleural cavity

96
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the pleural cavity

97
Q

pulmonary embolus

A

obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches

98
Q

embolism

A

sudden blocking of an artery by foreign material that has been brought to its site of blockage by the circulating blood, (sometimes called a blood clot or thrombus)

99
Q

polyp

A

growth protruding from a mucous membrane

100
Q

atel/o

A

imperfect

101
Q

coni/o

A

a relationship to dust

102
Q

embol/o

A

embolus

103
Q

home/o

A

sameness

104
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

105
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

106
Q

silic/o

A

silica

107
Q

spir/o

A

to breathe (sometimes means spiral)

108
Q

Adult Respirator Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

A

respiratory insufficiency and hypoxemia

109
Q

Asthma

A

paroxysmal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing. brought on by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membranes

110
Q

wheeze

A

whistling sound during respiration

111
Q

paroxysmal

A

occurring in sudden, periodic attacks or recurrence of symptoms

112
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion of a lung or portion of it; airlessness or collapse of a lung that had once been expanded

113
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of a bronchus or the bronchi accompanied by the lower part of the lung

114
Q

bronchography

A

radiography of the bronchi after injection of a radiopaque substance

115
Q

bronchogram

A

the record of the bronchi and lungs produced by bronchography

116
Q

Carcinoma of the Lung

A

Lung cancer, leading cause in cancer-related death (smoking plays huge role)

117
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

disease process that decreases the lung’s ability to perform their ventilatory function.
Can result from chronic bronchitis, emphysema, chronic asthma or chronic bronchiolitis

118
Q

Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease

A

COPD characterized as chronic airflow limitatoin

119
Q

emphysema

A

chronic pulmonary disease characterized by an increase in the size of alveoli and by destructive changes in their walls, resulting in difficulty breathing

120
Q

influenza

A

acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset, chills, headache, fever and muscular discomfort; caused by several different types of viruses

121
Q

Nasal Polyp

A

abnormal protruding growth from the nasal mucosa

122
Q

pleuritis

A

inflammation of the pleura

can be caused by infection, injury, or a tumor or it can be a complication of certain lung diseases

123
Q

Pleurisy

A

sharp pain on inspiration

124
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

respiratory condition caused by inhalation of dust particles

125
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter such as fat, air, tumor tissue, or a blood clot

126
Q

Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

A

infectious respiratory disease spread by close contact with an infected person and caused by coronavirus

127
Q

silicosis

A

form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of the dust of a stone, sand, quartz, or flint that contains silica

128
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

A

Sudden, unexpected death of an apparently normal and healthy infant that occurs during sleep and with no physical or autopsy evidence of disease

129
Q

Tuberculosis

A

infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Often Chronic in Nature, usually affects the lungs, but can happen elsewhere. Named due to tubercles (small round nodules) produced in the lungs by bacteria

130
Q

Asphyxiation

A

Suffocation

131
Q

Heimlich Maneuver

A

method of dislodging food or other obstructions from the windpipe

132
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision of the trachea through the skin and muscles of the neck overlying the trachea (usually for insertion of a tube to relieve tracheal obstruction)

133
Q

tracheostomy

A

may be necessary in upper airways obstruction

134
Q

ventilator

A

machine used for prolonged artificial ventilation of the lungs

135
Q

Endotracheal Intubation

A

insertion of an airway tube through the mouth or nose into the trachea, may be used to keep airway open, prevent aspiration of material forom the digestive tract in unconscious patient, permit suctioning of secretions, or provide ventilation that cannot be accomplished with a mask

136
Q

Nasotracheal Intubation

A

insertion of a tube into the trachea through the nose

137
Q

Orotracheal intubation

A

insertion of tube into the trachea through the mouth

138
Q

Decongestants

A

eliminate or reduce swelling or congestion

139
Q

Antitussives

A

prevent or relieve coughing

140
Q

Antihistamines

A

used to treat colds and allergies

141
Q

bronchodilators

A

agents that cause dilation of the bronchi (common for asthma patient)

142
Q

Mucolytics

A

destroy or dissolve mucus; help open the breathing passages

143
Q

Transtracheal oxygen

A

long term method (oxygen directly into trachea)

144
Q

mask oxygen

A

short term oxygen therapy or in emergency

145
Q

Nasal Cannula

A

delivers oxygen by two small tubes that are inserted into the nostrils and frequently used for long-term oxygen maintenance

146
Q

lung biopsy

A

removal of small pieces of lung tissue for the purpose of diagnosis

147
Q

percutaneous biopsy

A

tissue is obtained by puncturing the suspected lesion through the skin

148
Q

pneumocentesis

A

surgical puncture of lung to drain fluid that has accumulated

149
Q

pneumonectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of a lung

150
Q

pulmonary lobectomy

A

lobe of lung is removed

151
Q

rhinoplasty

A

plastic surgery of the nose (usually cosmetic, but can be necessary for passage of respiration)

152
Q

Thoracocentesis/Thoracentesis/thoracic paracentesis

A

surgical puncture of the chest cavity to remove fluid

Uncategorized (11 decks)

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