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Uncategorized > Medical Terminology Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism

A

nutrition becoming available to body cells, nutrients for growth, generation of energy, elimination of wastes

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2
Q

Activities of the Digestive System

A

Ingestion, Absorption, Digestion, Elimination

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3
Q

ingestion

A

oral intake of substances into the body

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4
Q

digestion

A

follows ingestion, is the mechanical and chemical conversion of the food into substances that can eventually be absorbed by cells

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5
Q

Absorption

A

process in which the digested food molecules pass through the lining of the small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries

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6
Q

elimination

A

final activity, removal of undigested food particles

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7
Q

defecation

A

elimination of wastes through the anus in the form of feces

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8
Q

Three Major Classes of Nutrients

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids (fat)

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9
Q

Carbohydrates

A

basic source of energy for human cells, including sugar and starches

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10
Q

enzymes

A

chemical breaks down of the nutrients into simpler substances

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11
Q

-ose

A

sugar

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12
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

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13
Q

lactase

A

breaks down lactose

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14
Q

glucose

A

eventual product of the digestion of sugars and starches

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15
Q

what is glucose

A

simple sugar that is a major source of energy for the body

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16
Q

amylase

A

breaks down starch

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17
Q

protease or proteinase

A

effective enzyme that breaks down protein

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18
Q

lipase

A

effective enzyme that breaks down a lipid (fat)

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19
Q

What serves as an energy reserve?

A

lipids

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20
Q

-ation

A

action or process

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21
Q

bili/i, chol/e

A

bile

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22
Q

cirrh/o

A

orange-yellow

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23
Q

de-

A

down, from, reversing, or removing

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24
Q

glycos/o

A

sugar

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25
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

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26
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

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27
Q

vag/o

A

vagus nerve

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28
Q

viscer/o

A

viscera

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29
Q

Digestive System divided into?

A

alimentary canal and accessory organs

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30
Q

alimentary canal

A

digestive tract or alimentary tract

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31
Q

Gastrointestinal

A

refers to stomach and intestines

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32
Q

UGI Upper Gastrointestinal tract

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach

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33
Q

LGI (Lower Gastrointestinal Tract)

A

small and large intestines

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34
Q

cheil/o

A

lips

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35
Q

dent/i, dent/o, odont/o

A

teeth

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36
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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37
Q

gloss/o, lingu/o

A

tongue

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38
Q

or/o, stomat/o

A

mouth

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39
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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40
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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41
Q

intestin/o, enter/o

A

intestines

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42
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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43
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

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44
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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45
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon or large intestine

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46
Q

append/o, appendic/o

A

appendix

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47
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

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48
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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49
Q

proct/o

A

anus or rectum

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50
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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51
Q

an/o

A

anus

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52
Q

oral surgeon

A

one who specializes in surgery of the mouth

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53
Q

Gingiva

A

gum

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54
Q

Gingival

A

pertaining to the gums

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55
Q

hypoglossal

A

below the tongue

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56
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

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57
Q

how many permanent teeth?

A

32

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58
Q

Dental

A

pertaining to the teeth

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59
Q

mandible

A

lower jaw

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60
Q

mandibular arch

A

where teeth of the lower jaw reside

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61
Q

four type of teeth

A

incisors, cuspids, bicuspids, molars

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62
Q

wisdom teeth

A

the 3rd molar, erupt between 17-25 years of age

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63
Q

oral

A

pertaining to the mouth

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64
Q

endodontics

A

dx and tx of dental pulp, tooth root, and surrounding tissues and in the practice of root canal therapy

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65
Q

orthodontics

A

dx and tx of problems with tooth alignment and facial problems

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66
Q

pedodontics

A

devoted to care of children’s teeth and mouth

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67
Q

periodontics

A

study and tx of periodontium

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68
Q

periodontium

A

tissue support the teeth and keeps them firmly anchored

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69
Q

gastric lavage

A

wasting of the stomach

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70
Q

LAvage

A

irrigation or washing out of an organ

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71
Q

gastric lavage specifically means

A

washing out the stomach or bowel

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72
Q

pain of the stomach

A

gastralgia and gastrodynia

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73
Q

Three divisions of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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74
Q

large intestine size

A

much broader and shorter than small intestine

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75
Q

large intestine is made up of

A

cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal

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76
Q

cecum

A

first part of the large intestine (blind pouch only a few inches long)

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77
Q

vermiform appendix

A

wormlike structure extending from the cecum (common for becoming inflamed)

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78
Q

ileocecal valve

A

group of muscles that are located between the cecum and the ileum

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79
Q

Colon

A

makes up large portion of the large intestine

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80
Q

What is the colon made up of?

A

ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon

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81
Q

Sigmoid Colon

A

Latter part that is S-shaped

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82
Q

lower part of large intestine

A

rectum, ends in a narrow anal canal, which opens up to exterior anus

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83
Q

proct/o

A

anus or rectum

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84
Q

what forces food through the digestive tract?

A

rhythmic muscular contractions

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85
Q

mucus

A

secreted by the inner lining of the digestive tract and bile that aids food through digestive tract

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86
Q

mucous membranes

A

secretes mucus

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87
Q

gastroenterology

A

study of stomach, intestines, and associated structures

88
Q

endogastric

A

pertaining to the interior of the stomach

89
Q

enteral

A

pertaining to the small intestine

90
Q

What are the accessory organs of the digestive tract?

A

liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands

91
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

92
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

93
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

94
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

95
Q

sial/o

A

salivary gland

96
Q

saliva

A

moistens oral cavity and contains amylase

97
Q

When does starch digestion begin?

A

In the mouth due to amylase being present

98
Q

What is the largest internal organ?

A

Liver

99
Q

what does the liver produce?

A

bile

100
Q

bile

A

breaks down fats before absorption by small intestine

101
Q

Biliary

A

pertaining to the bile

102
Q

What happens to bile once it is produced?

A

stored in gallbladder or transported via the small intestine for immediate use

103
Q

Cholecystic

A

pertaining to the gallbladder

104
Q

Common Bile Duct

A

main duct that conveys bile to the duodenum

105
Q

What are the two important functions of the pancreas?

A

produces pancreatic juice and insulin

106
Q

pancreatic juice

A

important in digestion of food

107
Q

Insulin

A

hormone that regulates blood sugar level

108
Q

esophagram

A

xray image of esophagus while patient swallows a liquid barium specimen

109
Q

Barium swallow

A

see esophagram

110
Q

barium meal

A

ingested in an upper GI series

radiographic examination if made as the barium passes through the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

111
Q

Barium Enema

A

lower GI studied with rectal infusion of barium sulfate

112
Q

biliary tract

A

pathway for bile flow from liver to bile duct and into duodenum

113
Q

gallstone

A

biliary calculus , formed in biliary tract

114
Q

What might biliary stones cause?

A

jaundice, right upper quadrant pain, obstruction and inflammation of the gallbladder

115
Q

barium enema

A

rectal infusion of barium sulfate to study lower GI

116
Q

biliary tract

A

pathway for bile flow from the liver to the bile duct and into the duodenum

117
Q

gallstone

A

biliary calculus

118
Q

what might biliary stones cause?

A

jaundice, right upper quadrant pain, obstruction, and inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis)

119
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of stones in the gallbladder

120
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

stones lodged in common bile duct

121
Q

pancreatolithiasis

A

pancreatic stones

122
Q

Endoscopic Radiographic Cholangiopancreatography

A

ERCP, endoscopic test that provides radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts, radiopaque substance instilled directly into the duct and x-ray images are taken

123
Q

sialography

A

inject radiopaque substances into salivary ducts , can be used to demonstrate the presence of calculi in the ducts

124
Q

Upper GI Endoscopy

A

examining esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

125
Q

esophagoscopy

A

examination of esophagus

126
Q

Gastroscopy

A

examination of the stomach

127
Q

Colonoscopy

A

endoscopic examination of the lining of the colon with a colonscope

128
Q

Coloscopy

A

used less often than colonoscopy

129
Q

Sigmoidoscopy

A

inspection of the rectum and sigmoid colon with an endoscope

130
Q

Proctoscopy

A

endoscopic examination of rectum with a protoscope

131
Q

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

A

result of resistance to insulin or lack of insulin secretion by the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas

132
Q

hyperglycemia

A

without insulin, glucose builds up in the blood

133
Q

Polyphagia

A

excessive hunger and uncontrolled eating

134
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

135
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

136
Q

glycosuria

A

glucose in the urine

137
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

genetically determined, absolute insulin deficiency

138
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A

insulin resistance

139
Q

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

A

first recognized during pregnancy, carbohydrate intolerance, usually caused by deficiency of insulin

140
Q

hypoglycemia

A

too much insulin produces by the pancreas

141
Q

pancreatic cancer

A

high mortality rate

142
Q

hyperlipemia/hyperlipidemia

A

increased amount of fat or lipids in the blood

143
Q

Obesity

A

abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells of the body

144
Q

Hyperemesis

A

excessive vomiting

145
Q

dehydration

A

output of body fluid exceeds intake

146
Q

Emaciation

A

excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition

147
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite for food

148
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

prolonged refusal to eat that results in emaciation

149
Q

Bulimia

A

episodes of binge eating that often terminate in self-induced vomiting

150
Q

malnutrition

A

prolonged anorexia or bulimia that leads to depletion of nutrients for body cells and results in

151
Q

Malabsorption Syndrome

A

complex of symptoms that include anorexia, weight loss, flatulence, muscle cramps, and bone pain

152
Q

flatulence

A

excessive gas in the stomach and intestinal tract that leads to bloating

153
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

154
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

155
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic liver disease characterized by marked degeneration of liver cells

156
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder or sac

157
Q

pancreatolith

A

pancreatic stone

158
Q

viscera

A

large internal organs enclosed within a cavity

159
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening in the muscle wall of the cavity that surrounds it

160
Q

inguinal canal

A

an opening in the abdominal wall for passage of the spermatic cord in males and a ligament of the uterus in females

161
Q

canker sores

A

ulcers, mouth and lips

162
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lips

163
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

164
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation of the tounge

165
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

166
Q

dysphagia

A

inability or difficulty swallowing

167
Q

esophageal varices

A

a complex of enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus that are susceptible to hemorrhage

168
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

169
Q

gastroesophageal reflex disease (GERD)

A

condition resulting in backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus (cause burning pain)

170
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

171
Q

gastrocele

A

herniation of the stomach

172
Q

hiatus or hiatal hernia

A

common gastrocele that causes a protrusion of a structure through the opening in the diaphragm that allows passage of the esophagus

173
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and the intestinal tract

174
Q

hyperacidity

A

excessive amount of acid in the stomach

175
Q

ulcer

A

lesion of the mucous membrane, accompanied by the sloughing (shedding) of dead tissue

176
Q

Upper Gastrointestinal bleeding

A

bleeding of the upper digestive structures, sometimes evidenced by blood in vomit

177
Q

Appendicitis

A

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

178
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the colon

179
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of a diverticulum in the intestinal tract (especially in the colon) causing stagnation (lack of movement) of feces and pain

180
Q

diverticulum

A

small sac or pouch in the wall of an organ

181
Q

diverticulosis

A

presence of diverticula without inflammation, a condition that affects a number of people older than 50

182
Q

duodenal ulcer

A

ulcer of the duodenum

183
Q

enterostasis

A

stoppage or delay in the passage of food through the intestine

184
Q

hemorrhoids

A

masses of veins in the anal canal that are unnaturally distended and lie just inside the rectum

185
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

abnormally increased motility of the small and large intestines of unknown origin

186
Q

lower gastrointestinal bleeding

A

bleeding of the lower digestive structures

187
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

188
Q

cholelithiasis

A

formation or presence of gallstones n the gallbladder or common bile duct

189
Q

cholestasis

A

stoppage of bile excretion

190
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic liver disease characterized by marked degeneration of liver cells

191
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of liver

192
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlarged liver

193
Q

diabetes

A

general term to describe disease characterized by excessive urination, but usually refers to diabetes mellitus

194
Q

enteral feeding tubes

A

nasogastric, nasoduodenal tube, nasojejunal tube

195
Q

tube is sometimes inserted through a new opening into the esophagus, stomach, or jejunum

A

esophagostomy, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy

196
Q

anorexiant

A

appetite-suppressing drug

197
Q

gastroplasty or gastric bypass

A

surgical way to limit food intake or absorption (reduce stomach’s capacity)

198
Q

Antidiarrheals

A

treat diarrhea

199
Q

antiemetics

A

relieve or prevent vomiting

200
Q

emetics

A

to induce vomiting

201
Q

laxatives

A

cause evacuation of the bowel

202
Q

purgatives or cathartics

A

strong medications to promote full evacuation of the bowel

203
Q

Treatments of gallstones

A

oral drugs to dissolve stones, laser lithotripsy, and shock wave lithotripsy

204
Q

appendectomy

A

removal of the vermiform appendix

205
Q

cholecytectomy

A

removal of the gallbladder

206
Q

colostomy

A

creation of an artificial anus on the abdominal wall by incising the colon and drawing it out to the surface

207
Q

gastrectomy

A

removal of all or part of the stomach

208
Q

gastroduodenostomy

A

remaining portion of stomach is joined to the duodenum

209
Q

anastomosis

A

joining of two organs, vessels, or ducts that are normally separate

210
Q

gastrostomy

A

surgical creation of a new opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall

211
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

removal of hemorrhoids

212
Q

ileostomy

A

creation of a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum

213
Q

laparoscopy

A

examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall

214
Q

percutaneous liver biopsy

A

removal of liver tissue by using a needle to puncture the skin overlying the liver (closed biopsy)

215
Q

pancreatolithectomy

A

excision of pancreatic stone

216
Q

vagotomy

A

resection of portions of the vagus nerve near the stomach

217
Q

Alimentation

A

providing nutrition for the body

Uncategorized (11 decks)

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