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Medications > Medications for Wednesday Exam > Flashcards

Medications for Wednesday Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen: Commercial Name

A

Tylenol

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2
Q

Acetaminophen: Indications

A

Pain, Fever

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3
Q

Acetaminophen: Contraindications

A

Liver disease, alcoholism

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4
Q

Acetaminophen: Dose / Frequency

A

325mg tablets: 2 every 4-6 hours
500mg tablets: 2 every 6 hours
MAX: 4000mg/day

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5
Q

Acetaminophen: Side Effects

A

Liver toxicity, liver failure requiring transplant with overdose

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6
Q

Acetaminophen: Category

A

Analgesic

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7
Q

Aspirin: Category

A

Analgesic (Non steroidal anti-inflammatory / NSAID)

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8
Q

Aspirin: Indications

A

pain, fever, cardiac chest pain (angina)

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9
Q

Aspirin: Contraindications

A

bleeding or recently healed wounds, GI bleeds, Vitamin K deficiency, peptic ulcer, pregnancy

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10
Q

Aspirin: Dose / Frequency

A

325 mg PO every 4 hours

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11
Q

Aspirin: Side Effects

A

nausea / vomiting, rash, GI bleeding

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12
Q

Ibuprofen: Commercial Name

A

Motrin

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13
Q

Ibuprofen: Category

A

analgesic (NSAID), anti-inflammatory

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14
Q

Ibuprofen: Indications

A

pain, swelling, fever

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15
Q

Ibuprofen: Contraindications

A

bleeding or recently healed wounds, GI bleeds, Vitamin K deficiency, peptic ulcer, pregnancy

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16
Q

Ibuprofen: Dose / Frequency

A

200mg tablets: 2-3 tablets every 4-6 hours
800mg tablets: 1 tablet every 6-8 hours
MAX: 3200mg/day

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17
Q

Ibuprofen: Side Effects

A

heartburn, gastritis/ulcers with prolonged use, increased bleeding

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18
Q

Pseudoephedrine: Commercial Name

A

Sudafed

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19
Q

Pseudoephedrine: Category

A

Decongestant

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20
Q

Pseudoephedrine: Indications

A

Nasal congestion, cold symptoms

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21
Q

Pseudoephedrine: Contraindications

A

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

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22
Q

Pseudoephedrine: Dose / Frequency

A

30mg tablet: 1-2 tablets every 4-6 hours

MAX: 240mg/day

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23
Q

Pseudoephedrine: Side Effects

A

nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, arrhythmias, hypertension, tachycardia

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24
Q

Benzonatate: Commercial Name

A

Tessalon Perles

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25
Q

Benzonatate: Category

A

cough suppressant (anti-tussive)

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26
Q

Benzonatate: Indications

A

cough

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27
Q

Benzonatate: Contraindications

A

none significant

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28
Q

Benzonatate: Dose / frequency

A

100mg tablets: 1 every 8 hours

MAX: 600mg/day

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29
Q

Benzonatate: Side Effects

A

none significant

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30
Q

Dextromethorphan: Commercial Name

A

Robitussin

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31
Q

Dextromethorphan: Category

A

cough suppressant (anti-tussive)

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32
Q

Dextromethorphan: Indications

A

cough

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33
Q

Dextromethorphan: Contraindications

A

use with caution if taking anti-depressants

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34
Q

Dextromethorphan: Dose / frequency

A

Syrup: 15mg/5mL, take 5mL every 4 hours
MAX: 120mg/day

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35
Q

Dextromethorphan: Side Effects

A

Dizziness, nausea

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36
Q

Guaifenesin: Commercial Name

A

Robitussin - Chest Congestion/Mucous

Mucinex

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37
Q

Guaifenesin: Category

A

expectorant (clears mucous)

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38
Q

Guaifenesin: Indications

A

productive cough

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39
Q

Guaifenesin: Contraindications

A

none

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40
Q

Guaifenesin: Dosage

A

Syrup: 100mg/5mL - 2 tsp (10mL) every 4 hrs

600mg extended release tabs: 1-2 tablet every 12 hours

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41
Q

Guaifenesin: Side Effects

A

none

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42
Q

Cepacol Lozenge: Category

A

Topical anesthetic

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43
Q

Cepacol Lozenge: Indications

A

sore throat

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44
Q

Cepacol Lozenge: Contraindications

A

none

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45
Q

Cepacol Lozenge: Dosage

A

1 lozenge every 2 hours

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46
Q

Cepacol Lozenge: Side Effects

A

none

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47
Q

Diphenhydramine: Commercial Name

A

Benadryl

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48
Q

Diphenhydramine: Category

A

Antihistamine

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49
Q

Diphenhydramine: Indications

A 
Allergic rhinitis (runny nose),
hives (urticaria)
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50
Q

Diphenhydramine: Contraindications

A

glaucoma, urinary obstruction

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51
Q

Diphenhydramine: Dose / Route

A

25mg capsules: 1-2 every 4-6 hours

MAX: 400mg/day

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52
Q

Diphenhydramine: Side Effects

A

sedation, dry mouth, dizziness, urinary retention, increased intraocular pressure

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53
Q

Fexofenadine: Commercial Name

A

Allegra

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54
Q

Fexofenadine: Category

A

Antihistamine (“non-drowsy”)

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55
Q

Fexofenadine: Indications

A 
Allergic rhinitis (runny nose)
hives (urticaria)
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56
Q

Fexofenadine: Dose / Frequency

A

60mg twice a day

MAX: 180mg/day

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57
Q

Fexofenadine: Side Effects

A

headache
drowsiness
nausea

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58
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate / Pink Bismuth: Commercial Name

A

Pepto-Bismol

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59
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate / Pink Bismuth: Category

A

Antidiarrheal

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60
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate / Pink Bismuth: Indications

A

Diarrhea, prevention of traveler’s diarrhea

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61
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate / Pink Bismuth: Contraindications

A

aspirin allergy

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62
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate / Pink Bismuth: Dose/Frequency

A

262mg caplets: 2 caplets every 30-60m as needed
262mg/15mL: 2 tbsp (30mL) every 30-60m as needed
MAX: 8 doses/day
For prevention of traveler’s diarrhea: 2 caplets every 6 hrs starting 12 hrs before exposure

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63
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate / Pink Bismuth: Side Effects

A

constipation, black stools

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64
Q

Loperamide: Commercial Name

A

Immodium

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65
Q

Loperamide: Category

A

Antidiarrheal

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66
Q

Loperamide: Indications

A

Diarrhea

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67
Q

Loperamide: Contraindications

A

Dysentery (fever, bloody stool)

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68
Q

Loperamide: Dose / Frequency

A

2mg capsule: 2 capsules with first diarrheal stool, 1 capsule after each additional diarrheal stool
MAX: 8 capsules/24hrs

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69
Q

Loperamide: Side Effects

A

constipation

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70
Q

Bisacodyl: Commercial Name

A

Dulcolax (Suppository)

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71
Q

Bisacodyl: Category

A

Laxative

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72
Q

Bisacodyl: Indications

A

Constipation

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73
Q

Bisacodyl: Contraindications

A

nausea, vomiting, abdominal obstruction

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74
Q

Bisacodyl: Dose/Frequency

A

10mg suppository x 1

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75
Q

Bisacodyl: Side Effects

A

Abdominal cramps,
local irritation,
nausea/vomiting

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76
Q

Docusate: Commercial Name

A

Colace

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77
Q

Docusate: Category

A

Stool softener

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78
Q

Docusate: Indications

A

Constipation

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79
Q

Docusate: Contraindications

A

Vomiting

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80
Q

Docusate: Dosage

A

100mg capsules: 1 every 6-8 hrs as needed

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81
Q

Docusate: Side Effects

A

None

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82
Q

Ranitidine: Commercial Name

A

Zantac

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83
Q

Ranitidine: Category

A

H2 Histamine receptor antagonist

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84
Q

Ranitidine: Indications

A 
Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
ulcers, heartburn
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85
Q

Ranitidine: Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity, GI Bleed

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86
Q

Ranitidine: Dose / Frequency

A

150mg PO twice a day

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87
Q

Ranitidine: Side Effects

A

Headache, dizziness, constipation, N/V

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88
Q

Dibucaine Ointment 1%: Category

A

Topical anesthetic

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89
Q

Dibucaine Ointment 1%: Indications

A

hemorrhoid pain, itching

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90
Q

Dibucaine Ointment 1%: Contraindications

A

none

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91
Q

Dibucaine Ointment 1%: Dosage

A

apply externally to affected area 3-4 times daily. NOT FOR INTERNAL USE

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92
Q

Dibucaine Ointment 1%: Side Effects

A

contact irritation in some patients

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93
Q

Bacitracin Ointment: Category

A

Topical antibiotic

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94
Q

Bacitracin Ointment: Indications

A

Superficial skin infections,

minor cuts and abrasions

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95
Q

Bacitracin Ointment: Contraindications

A

allergy

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96
Q

Bacitracin Ointment: Dose / Frequency

A

apply thin layer to affected area 2-3 times daily

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97
Q

Bacitracin Ointment: Side Effects

A

contact dermatitis

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98
Q

Mupirocin 2% Ointment: Commercial Name

A

Bactroban

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99
Q

Mupirocin 2% Ointment: Category

A

Topical antibiotic

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100
Q

Mupirocin 2% Ointment: Indications

A

skin infections

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101
Q

Mupirocin 2% Ointment: Contraindications

A

hypersensitivity

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102
Q

Mupirocin 2% Ointment: Dose / Frequency

A

Apply to affected area 3 times daily for 10 days

Re-evaluate if no response in 3-5 days

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103
Q

Mupirocin 2% Ointment: Side Effects

A

rash

itching

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104
Q

Lamisil AT 1% Cream: Category

A

Topical Anifungal

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105
Q

Lamisil AT 1% Cream: Indications

A

superficial fungal infections,

athletes’ foot, jock itch

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106
Q

Lamisil AT 1% Cream: Contraindications

A

none

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107
Q

Lamisil AT 1% Cream: Dose / Frequency

A

apply to affected areas twice daily x 2-4 weeks

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108
Q

Lamisil AT 1% Cream: Side Effects

A

burning, itching, dryness, contact dermatitis

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109
Q

Hyrdocortisone 1% Cream: Category

A

topical corticosteroid

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110
Q

Hyrdocortisone 1% Cream: Indications

A

Itching (allergic, eczema, insect bites)

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111
Q

Hyrdocortisone 1% Cream: Contraindications

A

Secondary infections (impetigo, tinea/fungal skin infections)

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112
Q

Hyrdocortisone 1% Cream: Dosage

A

apply to affected area twice daily

avoid eyes, mucous membranes

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113
Q

Hyrdocortisone 1% Cream: Side Effects

A

none over short term

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114
Q

Scopolamine Patch: Category

A

Anticholinergic

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115
Q

Scopolamine Patch: Indications

A

Motion sickness

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116
Q

Scopolamine Patch: Contraindications

A

Glaucoma

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117
Q

Scopolamine Patch: Dose / Frequency

A

Apply 1 patch on skin behind ear 4 hours prior to exposure (e.g. boat, plane)
Replace every 72 hrs as needed

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118
Q

Scopolamine Patch: Side Effects

A

flushing, lightheadedness/dizziness, headache,

drowsiness, skin reaction, thirst, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention, dry eyes

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119
Q

Tetracaine 0.5% Eye Drops: Category

A

Local anesthetic

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120
Q

Tetracaine 0.5% Eye Drops: Indications

A

eye pain

foreign body, injury

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121
Q

Tetracaine 0.5% Eye Drops: Contraindications

A

hypersensitivity

remove contact lenses prior to use

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122
Q

Tetracaine 0.5% Eye Drops: Dose/Frequency

A

Instill 1-2 drops into affected eye every 4 hrs

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123
Q

Tetracaine 0.5% Eye Drops: Side Effects

A

rare allergic reaction (burning, redness),

tearing, sensitivity to light

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124
Q

Cyclobenzaprine: Commercial Name

A

Flexeril

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125
Q

Cyclobenzaprine: Category

A

Muscle relaxant

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126
Q

Cyclobenzaprine: Indications

A

Muscle spasm

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127
Q

Cyclobenzaprine: Contraindications

A

taking anti-depressant medications, hyperthyroidism, congestive heart failure, irregular heart rate/heart block

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128
Q

Cyclobenzaprine: Dose/Frequency

A

5mg-10mg every 8hrs

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129
Q

Cyclobenzaprine: Side Effects

A

Drowsiness, headache

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130
Q

Ketorolac: Commercial Name

A

Toradol

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131
Q

Ketorolac: Category

A

Analgesic, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory

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132
Q

Ketorolac: Indications

A

Moderate to severe pain, inflammation

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133
Q

Ketorolac: Contraindications

A

GI Bleeds, ulcers, dehydration, kidney disease

134
Q

Ketorolac: Dose/Frequency

A

IV: 30mg every 6hrs
MAX: 120mg/24 hrs
DO NOT USE LONGER THAN 5 DAYS

135
Q

Ketorolac: Side Effects

A

nausea, dyspepsia (upset stomach), GI bleeding, sedation, increased bleeding, kidney injury

136
Q

Ketorolac: Complications

A

Must avoid other NSAIDs for 24 hours

137
Q

Oxycodone: Category

A

Opiate

138
Q

Oxycodone: Indications

A

moderate to severe pain

139
Q

Oxycodone: Contraindications

A

oxycodone allergy

140
Q

Oxycodone: Dose/Frequency

A

5mg-10mg every 6 hrs as needed for pain greater than 4/10 and not relieved by non-narcotic meds

141
Q

Oxycodone: Side Effects

A 
respiratory depression (large doses),
drowsiness, nausea/vomiting, itching, constipation (if using > 24hrs must give anti-constipation medication, e.g. docusate)
142
Q

Tramadol: Commercial Name

A

Ultram

143
Q

Tramadol: Category

A

oral narcotic analgesic

144
Q

Tramadol: Indications

A

moderate to sever pain

145
Q

Tramadol: Contraindications

A

tramadol allergy

146
Q

Tramadol: Dose/Frequency

A

50mg every 4-6 hrs

MAX: 400mg/day

147
Q

Tramadol: Side Effects

A

flushing, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, itching, constipation, lightheadedness

148
Q

Lidocaine 1%: Category

A

Local anesthetic (sodium channel blockers)

149
Q

Lidocaine 1%: Indication

A

Anesthesia for painful procedures

150
Q

Lidocaine 1%: Contraindications

A

none significant

151
Q

Lidocaine 1%: Dosage

A

Inject under skin around wound
Draw back before every injection to ensure not injecting into blood vessel
Know the max dose of local anasthetics: 4mg/kg for lidocaine, 7mg/kg for lidocaine with epinephrine

152
Q

Lidocaine 1%: Side Effects

A 
if inadvertently injected into bloodstream: cardiac arrhythmia (rapid, e.g. ventricular tachycardia, or slow bradycardia),
chest pain (angina),
hypotension/shock,
neurologic symptoms,
pallor, sweat, ringing in ears, seizures
153
Q

Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST): What does it look like?

A

Phase 1: perioral numbness or metallic taste, confusion, seizure (give benzodiazepines)
Phase 2: bad cardiovascular features such as bradycardia, asystole, tachycardia, heart blocks, and ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia.
This happens rapidly
Bupivacaine does not always have CNS prodrome & may just enter cardiovascular collapse phase.
This can last for a long time & be a prolonged resuscitation

154
Q

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium: Commercial Name

A

Augmentin

155
Q

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium: Category

A

Broad Spectrum Antibiotic

156
Q

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium: Indications

A

Ear-Nose-Throat infections (sinusitis, strep, otitis media), pneumonia, bronchitis

157
Q

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium: Contraindications

A

Penicillin Allergy

158
Q

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium: Dosage

A

1 tab = 875mg amoxicillin & 125mg clavulanate
Take 875/125mg tab every 12 hrs
Consult tele-med for duration of therapy depending on site of infection

159
Q

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium: Side Effects

A

Nausea/vomiting, upset stomach, diarrhea, vaginitis

160
Q

Azithromycin: Category

A

Macrolide antibiotic

161
Q

Azithromycin: Indications

A

Respiratory, ear/nose/throat infections, skin, eye (conjunctivitis), gonorrhea, chlamydia

162
Q

Azithromycin: Contraindications

A

Allergy to azithromycin, macrolide antibiotics (e.g. erythromycin)

163
Q

Azithromycin: Dose/Frequency

A

Sinusitis: 500mg daily x 3-5 days
Community acquired pneumonia: 500mg day 1, 250 mg daily days 2-5
Chlamydia: 1000mg x 1 single dose
Gonorrhea, w/ or w/o systemic involvement (eye, joints): call tele-med

164
Q

Azithromycin: Side Effects

A

Mainly GI-abdominal pain/cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

165
Q

Ciprofloxacin: Commercial Name

A

Cipro

166
Q

Ciprofloxacin: Category

A

Quinolone antibiotic

167
Q

Ciprofloxacin: Indications

A 
Respiratory (pneumonia, sinusitis)
Ears (otitis)
GI (traveler's diarrhea)
skin/joint
abdominal (peritonitis, abscess)
kidneys / urinary tract
168
Q

Ciprofloxacin: Contraindications

A

prolonged QT interval (ask if history of), allergy to quinolones

169
Q

Ciprofloxacin: Dose/Frequency

A

500mg tablets:
f/Respiratory tract: 1 tablet twice daily for 5 days
f/Urinary tract/kidney: 1 table daily for 7 days
f/Traveler’s diarrhea: 1 table as single dose

170
Q

Ciprofloxacin: Side Effects

A

GI upset, tendon pain or rupture, sensitivity to light

171
Q

Ceftriaxone IV: Commercial Name

A

Rocephin

172
Q

Ceftriaxone IV: Category

A

broad-spectrum IV antibiotic

173
Q

Ceftriaxone IV: Indication

A 
Severe Infection of:
Respiratory (pneumonia, bronchitis)
Wound (does not cover MRSA)
Urinary/Kidney
CNS (bacterial meningitis, encephalitis)
Bloodstream (bacteremia)
174
Q

Ceftriaxone IV: Contraindication

A

Ceftriaxone sensitivity.
Cross-allergic reaction to penicillin-allergic patients can occur, consult tele-med before giving to penicillin allergic patient

175
Q

Ceftriaxone IV: Dose/Frequency

A

2000mg IV/IO daily

176
Q

Ceftriaxone IV: Side Effects

A

rare, rash

177
Q

Doxycycline: Category

A

Tetracycline antibiotic

178
Q

Doxycycline: Indications

A 
Gram-positive infections:
Skin, soft tissue
Respiratory
Sinus, ears
"Atypical" infections: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Lyme Disease, anthrax
179
Q

Doxycycline: Contraindications

A

allergy to doxycycline, children<8 yrs old

180
Q

Doxycycline: Dose/Frequency

A

100mg twice a day

181
Q

Doxycycline: Side Effects

A 
sun sensitivity (must protect skin carefully)
nausea (less if taken with food)
182
Q

Erythromycin Eye Ointment: Category

A

Topical antibacterial

183
Q

Erythromycin Eye Ointment: Indications

A

bacterial conjunctivitis,

prevention of infection in corneal abrasion, stye

184
Q

Erythromycin Eye Ointment: Contraindications

A

allergy

185
Q

Erythromycin Eye Ointment: Dosage

A

Apply thin ribbon to lower eye lid 4 times daily x 5 days

186
Q

Erythromycin Eye Ointment: Side Effects

A

None

187
Q

Ertapenem: Commercial Name

A

Invanz

188
Q

Ertapenem: Category

A

Broad-spectrum antibiotic

189
Q

Ertapenem: Indications

A

trauma, serious infections, intra-abdominal infections

190
Q

Ertapenem: Contraindications

A

anaphylaxis to penicillins

191
Q

Ertapenem: Dosage

A

1gm/day IV x 7-14 days

Reconstitute vial with 10cc NS or Sterile Water and transfer to 50mL NS

192
Q

Ertapenem: Side Effects

A

headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tachycardia, vaginitis, pruritus, rash

193
Q

Metronidazole: Commercial Name

A

Flagyl

194
Q

Metronidazole: Category

A

Antibiotic, anti-protozoal

195
Q

Metronidazole: Indications

A

GI infections, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, giardia

196
Q

Metronidazole: Contraindications

A

GI/renal/hepatic disease, pregnancy, CNS disorders

197
Q

Metronidazole: Dosage

A

Giardia: 250-500mg 3 times/day x 5-10 days
GI Infections: 500mg every 6 hrs x 7 days
Bacterial vaginosis: 500mg twice a day x 7 days
Amebic Dysentery: 750mg 3 times/day x 5-10 days

198
Q

Metronidazole: Side Effects

A

nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash (rarely=severe; Stevens-Johnson syndrome. stop & call tele-med immediately for widespread sloughing skin reaction)

199
Q

Fluconazole: Commercial Name

A

Diflucan

200
Q

Fluconazole: Category

A

Antifungal

201
Q

Fluconazole: Indications

A

Oral candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis (yeast infections), persistent fungal skin infections (athletes’ foot, tinea cruris aka jock itch)

202
Q

Fluconazole: Contraindications

A

Fluconazole allergy

203
Q

Fluconazole: Dosage

A

150mg PO single dose for oral/vaginal candidiasis

150mg daily for 7-14 days for resistant fungal skin infections

204
Q

Fluconazole: Side Effects

A

headache
n/v/d (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
liver toxicity

205
Q

Acyclovir: Commercial Name

A

Zovirax

206
Q

Acyclovir: Category

A

Antiviral

207
Q

Acyclovir: Indications

A 
Herpes (HSV): genital, lip/mouth, neurologic (encephalitis), shingles
Varicella Zoster (VZV): chicken pox
208
Q

Acyclovir: Dose/Frequency

A

Herpes genital, oral area: 200mg 5 times daily x 10 days (genital), 5 days (oral/cold sores)

Shingles: 800mg 5 times daily x 7-10 days

HSV Encephalitis: 1000mg oral 5 times daily, consult tele-med and MEDLOG for IV formulation which is 1st line

209
Q

Acyclovir: Side Effects

A

Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

210
Q

Albendazole: Category

A

anti-worm (anti-helmintic)

211
Q

Albendazole: Indications

A

worm infestations (skin, GI, systemic)

212
Q

Albendazole: Contraindications

A

allergy to Albendazole

213
Q

Albendazole: Dose / Frequency

A

Generally: 400mg single dose

non-emergent tele-med consult to adjust dosing for symptoms, species native to area where infected

214
Q

Albendazole: Side Effects

A

headache, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting

215
Q

Promethazine: Commercial Name

A

Phenergan

216
Q

Promethazine: Category

A

antiemetic

217
Q

Promethazine: Indications

A

nausea, vomiting

218
Q

Promethazine: Contraindications

A

Do NOT use in children, use caution with other respiratory depressants (i.e. morphine)

219
Q

Promethazine: Dosage

A

IV: 25mg slow IV push every 4-6 hrs

220
Q

Promethazine: Side Effects

A

sedation, dizziness, blurred vision, respiratory depression, hypotension, dystonic reactions, confusion

221
Q

Ondansetron Oral Dissolving Tablet: Commercial Name

A

Zofran ODT

222
Q

Ondansetron Oral Dissolving Tablet: Category

A

Antiemetic (counter nausea & vomiting)

223
Q

Ondansetron Oral Dissolving Tablet: Indications

A

prevents nausea/vomiting

224
Q

Ondansetron Oral Dissolving Tablet: Contraindications

A

hypersensitivity

225
Q

Ondansetron Oral Dissolving Tablet: Dosage

A

ODT: 8mg tab, allow to dissolve under tongue, every 8 hours as needed

226
Q

Ondansetron Oral Dissolving Tablet: Side Effects

A

Headache, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, urinary retention, hypoxia

227
Q

Methylprednisolone: Commercial Name

A

Solu-medrol

228
Q

Methylprednisolone: Category

A

IV Corticosteroid

229
Q

Methylprednisolone: Indications

A

Severe inflammation, shock, anaphylaxis, High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)

230
Q

Methylprednisolone: Contraindications

A

hypersensitivity, Cushing’s Syndrome, measles

231
Q

Methylprednisolone: Dose / Frequency

A

125mg IV/IO every 6 hrs

232
Q

Methylprednisolone: Side Effects

A

flushing, thrombophlebitis, GI hemorrhage,

If given for >5 days, adrenal suppression causing endocrine shock if stopped abruptly. Consult tele-med to taper down dose

233
Q

Prednisone: Category

A

Oral Corticosteroid

234
Q

Prednisone: Indications

A

allergic reactions - asthma, contact dermatitis (latex, plant e.g. poison ivy)

235
Q

Prednisone: Contraindications

A

systemic fungal infection, prednisone allergy=rare

236
Q

Prednisone: Dose / Frequency

A

varies
Asthma: 40-60mg/day for 3-10 days
Severe Contact Dermatitis: 0.5mg/kg per day x 7 days (taper: contact tele-med if given >5days or on day 8 reduce to 50% dose each day until 10 mg or less, then stop)

237
Q

Prednisone: Side Effects

A

headache, excess emotions.
for short course (~7 days or less), other myriad side effects are less common.
if given for >5days, adrenal suppression causing endocrine shock if stopped abruptly. consult tele-med to taper dose

238
Q

Acetazolamide: Commercial Name

A

Diamox

239
Q

Acetazolamide: Category

A

diuretic

240
Q

Acetazolamide: Indications

A

altitude sickness,

glaucoma

241
Q

Acetazolamide: Contraindications

A

sulfa allergy,
liver disease (e.g. cirrhosis)
adrenal disease (e.g. taking corticosteroids)
low sodium or potassium

242
Q

Acetazolamide: Dose / Frequency

A

Altitude Sickness
Prevention: 125mg twice a day beginning day before ascent
Treatment: 250mg twice daily

243
Q

Acetazolamide: Side Effects

A

electrolyte abnormalities, headache, incoordination, severe allergic skin reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrom)

244
Q

Atovaquone / Proguanil: Commercial Name

A

Malarone

245
Q

Atovaquone / Proguanil: Category

A

Antimalarial

246
Q

Atovaquone / Proguanil: Indications

A

prevention & treatment of malaria

including P. falciparum, choloquine - resistant or resistance unknown

247
Q

Atovaquone / Proguanil: Contraindications

A

allergy to drug

248
Q

Atovaquone / Proguanil: Dose / Frequency

A

Atovaquone 250mg / Proguanil 100mg:

Prevention: 250/100 once daily. Start 1-2 days prior to travel to affected area. Continue for 7 days after returning.

Treatment: 1000/400 once daily x 3 days

249
Q

Atovaquone / Proguanil: Side Effects

A

abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, liver enzyme elevation

250
Q

Chloroquine: Category

A

antimalarial

251
Q

Chloroquine: Indications

A

prevention/treatment of malaria

252
Q

Chloroquine: Contraindications

A

allergy to Chloroquine

253
Q

Chloroquine: Dose / Frequency

A

Prophylaxis of Cholorquine - sensitive falciparum, vivax: 500mg (300mg base) per week starting 1 week before travel thru 4 weeks post-travel

Treatment of Chloroquine - sensitive malaria: Plasmodium &amp; Falciparum malaria= 1000mg (600mg base) PO x 1, then 500mg 6 hrs later, then 500mg once a day x 2 days
Plasmodium vivax (sensitive): same dose, plus primaquine 30mg daily x 14 days
254
Q

Chloroquine: Side Effects

A

loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness

255
Q

Dextrose: Commercial Name

A

D50

256
Q

Dextrose: Category

A

anti-hypoglycemic

257
Q

Dextrose: Indications

A

altered mental status due to low blood sugar

258
Q

Dextrose: Contraindications

A

severe hyper-glycemia (high blood sugar)

259
Q

Dextrose: Dose / Frequency

A

Hypoglycemic coma: 1 amp until patient recovers to take oral nutrition

Insulin Overdose: if long-acting insulin, may have to repeat dose, start glucose IV infusion (e.g. D5, D10)

260
Q

Dextrose: Side Effects

A

Symptoms of hyperglycemia (nausea, vomiting, excessive thirst/urination, weakness), if given in error to patient with high blood sugar

261
Q

Primaquine: Category

A

antimalarial

262
Q

Primaquine: Indications

A

treatment of liver stage of P. vivax

263
Q

Primaquine: Contraindications

A

allergy to Primaquine

consult tele-med if patient has G6PD deficiency

264
Q

Primaquine: Dose / Frequency

A

30mg base daily x 14 days

265
Q

Primaquine: Side Effects

A

nausea, abdominal pain, hemolytic anemia, bloody urine in patients with G6PD deficiency

266
Q

Zolpidem: Commercial Name

A

Ambien

267
Q

Zolpidem: Category

A

hypnotic

268
Q

Zolpidem: Indications

A

insomnia

269
Q

Zolpidem: Dose / Frequency

A

lowest effective dose should be used

5mg at night before bed (can increase to 10mg if not effective)

270
Q

Zolpidem: Side Effects

A

Sleep walking, sleep driving, hallucinations, bizarre behavior, agitation, CNS depression

271
Q

Fentanyl: Category

A

Narcotic / Opioid Analgesic

272
Q

Fentanyl: Indications

A

Severe Pain

in hemodynamically stable patient

273
Q

Fentanyl: Contraindications

A

allergy to fentanyl, respiratory depression if not intubated, signs of shock

274
Q

Fentanyl: Dose / Frequency

A 
800 microgram (mcg or ug)
(redose when lozenge is gone, patient complains of worsening pain and RR>12)
275
Q

Fentanyl: Side Effects

A

Respiratory depression:
remove if RR<8 or is irregular; may need to assist ventilation with BVM

Cardiovascular Depression:
avoid or use with caution if blood pressure low, signs of shock

276
Q

Ketamine: Category

A

analgesic, sedative, anesthetic

277
Q

Ketamine: Indications

A

severe pain, sedation (restless or intubated)

may use in hemodynamically stable or unstable patient

278
Q

Ketamine: Contraindications

A

allergy, hypertensive emergency (high blood pressure)

279
Q

Ketamine: Dose / Frequency

A

Standard:
IV/IO: 20mg slow push every 5min until pain goal met or nystagmus
IM: 50mg every 15min until pain goal met or nystagmus

Big Brain Shit:
IV/IO: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg
IM: 0.4-0.8 mg/kg

280
Q

Ketamine: Side Effects

A

hallucinations, hyper-salivation, “emergence”, delirium (severe agitation, delusions)

may need to treat emergence with 2mg midazolam (Versed)

281
Q

Morphine: Category

A

narcotic analgesic

282
Q

Morphine: Indications

A

severe pain

in hemodynamically stable patient

283
Q

Morphine: Contraindications

A

morphine allergy, signs of shock (low BP) or respiratory depression (RR<10)

284
Q

Morphine: Dose / Frequency

A

1-10mg IV/IO/IM every 1-6 hrs as needed

285
Q

Morphine: Side Effects

A

Major:
Respiratory Depression: remove if RR<8 or irregular; may need to assist with BVM
Cardiovascular Depression: avoid or use with caution if BP low, signs of shock

Minor:
Nausea, vomiting, constipation, itching/hives

286
Q

Diazepam: Commercial Name

A

Valium

287
Q

Diazepam: Category

A

Benzodiazepine sedative

288
Q

Diazepam: Indications

A

severe anxiety, severe muscle spasms, uncontrolled seizure (status epilepticus)

289
Q

Diazepam: Contraindications

A

myasthenia gravis, allergy to benzodiazepines, signs of shock (low BP) or respiratory depression (RR<10)

290
Q

Diazepam: Dose / Frequency

A

Anxiety: 2mg-10mg every 6-12 hrs as needed

Seizures: 5-10mg IV (2mg/min), repeat every 10-15min as needed; max 30mg

291
Q

Diazepam: Side Effects

A 
Serious: 
Low BP (may need to give fluid bolus); respiratory suppression (may need to BVM)

Minor:
Dizziness, drowsiness

292
Q

Midazolam: Commercial Name

A

Versed

293
Q

Midazolam: Category

A

Benzodiazepine (BZD) sedative

294
Q

Midazolam: Indications

A

severe agitation/delirium, ketamine “emergence”, sedation for intubated hemodynamically stable patient

295
Q

Midazolam: Contraindications

A

allergy, signs of shock (low BP) or respiratory depression (RR<10)

296
Q

Midazolam: Dose / Frequency

A

0.5-2.0mg IV/IO/IM every 1-6 hours as needed

297
Q

Midazolam: Side Effects

A 
Serious: 
Low BP (may need to give fluid bolus); respiratory suppression (may need to BVM)

Minor:
Dizziness, drowsiness, amnesia

298
Q

Flumazenil: Commercial Name

A

Romazicon

299
Q

Flumazenil: Category

A

Benzodiazepine (BZD) antidote

300
Q

Flumazenil: Indications

A

reversal of sedative effect of BZDs

301
Q

Flumazenil: Contraindications

A

History of seizures, patient given BZDs for seizures

302
Q

Flumazenil: Dose / Frequency

A

0.2mg IV over 30sec; wait 30sec, then give 0.3mg over 30sec if consciousness does not occur.
MAX: 3mg

303
Q

Flumazenil: Side Effects

A

seizures, dysrhythmias, dizziness, agitation, confusion

304
Q

Naloxone: Commercial Name

A

Narcan

305
Q

Naloxone: Category

A

Opioid Antagonist

306
Q

Naloxone: Indications

A

Opioid reversal agent, for opioid-induced respiratory depression

307
Q

Naloxone: Contraindications

A

none

308
Q

Naloxone: Dosage

A

0.4mg IV every 2-3 min if needed
MAX: 10mg
May need to redose; naloxone is generally shorter-acting than most narcotics (except fentanyl)

309
Q

Naloxone: Side Effects

A

drowsiness, rapid pulse, increased systolic BP, nausea, vomiting

310
Q

Albuterol: Commercial Name

A

Ventolin, Proventil

311
Q

Albuterol: Category

A

Bronchodilator

312
Q

Albuterol: Indications

A

Wheezing, asthma attacks, bronchitis w/dry cough

313
Q

Albuterol: Contraindications

A

Use caution with hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease

314
Q

Albuterol: Dose / Frequency

A

90mcg inhaler: 2-4 puffs, may repeat every 20min if needed

Proper technique is key to getting medication into lungs: patient must exhale forcefully, then inhale as squeezing inhaler into mouth, then hold breath for a few seconds

315
Q

Albuterol: Side Effects

A

tachycardia, palpitations, tremor, nervousness, insomnia, nausea, headache, dizziness

316
Q

Epinephrine: Commercial Name

A

Epipen

317
Q

Epinephrine: Category

A

Alpha, beta agonist

318
Q

Epinephrine: Indications

A

hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylaxis, status asthamiticus

319
Q

Epinephrine: Contraindications

A

for emergency use only

320
Q

Epinephrine: Dose

A

0.3mg autoinjector IM anterolateral aspect of thigh; may repeat every 20min

321
Q

Epinephrine: Side Effects

A

hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, nervousness, necrosis at injection site with repeated use

322
Q

Silverlon Dressing: Category

A

Bacteriostatic Agent (anti-bacterial)

323
Q

Silverlon Dressing: Indications

A

Prevention and treatment of wound sepsis with 2nd / 3rd degree burns

324
Q

Silverlon Dressing: Contraindications

A

hypersensitivity

325
Q

Silverlon Dressing: Dosage

A

Burn wraps must alway be wet; moisten in sterile water or bottled water prior to application

Never wrap circumferentially (burns will expand, bandage will become a tourniquet)

Do not apply creams under wrap

Place moist gauze over Silverlon

Re-wet often q4rs, rinse & reuse, change every 2-4 days

326
Q

Silverlon Dressing: Side Effects

A

skin discoloration

327
Q

Tranexemic Acid (TXA): Category

A

hemostatic, anti-fibrinolytic

328
Q

Tranexemic Acid (TXA): Indications

A

Severe bleeding

329
Q

Tranexemic Acid (TXA): Contraindications

A

unable to give first dose within 3 hours of bleeding

330
Q

Tranexemic Acid (TXA): Dose

A

Must give both doses; Must give 1st dose within 3 hours of onset of bleeding

Dose 1: 1gm IV over 10 min infusion or slow push

Dose 2: 1gm IV over 8 hours must give as slow infusion; not push)

331
Q

Tranexemic Acid (TXA): Side Effects

A

none significant

Medications (1 decks)

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