Medicine

Question 1

Name four Medieval ideas about the cause of disease

Answer 1

Four Humours, God’s punishment, alignment of planets, supernatural

Question 2

Name two Renaissance treatments

Answer 2

Bloodletting, purging, transference

Question 3

Name two discoveries/inventions which allowed the prevention of illness

Answer 3

Smallpox vaccine/ vaccines Carbolic Acid/antiseptic Germ Theory

Question 4

Describe the role of hospitals during the Medieval and renaissance periods

Answer 4

Caring for the old or poor, run by the Church, a place of charity but not necessarily of medicine

Question 5

How did Hippocrates and Galen contribute to ideas about the cause of disease?

Answer 5

Hippocrates- said the human body was comprised of Four Humours
Galen- said disease was caused by an imbalance of these humours

Question 6

Give two differences in the prevention of plague from the Black Death compared to the Great Plague

Answer 6

Cats and dogs were killed in the Great Plague
Fires were burned outside to stop miasma in Great Plague
Homes were sealed off and quarantined during Great Plague

Question 7

Give one idea from Harvey, Vesalius & Sydenham

Answer 7

Harvey- blood circulates around the body and does not burn up Vesalius- Proved Galen wrong e.g. Jaw is one bone not two
Sydenham- said doctors should observe patients

Question 8

Give three reasons the pace of change was slow in the Medieval and Renaissance periods

Answer 8

The Church supported Galen, the Church controlled education, lack of technology, dissections banned

Question 9

What was the Royal Society?

Answer 9

A group of physicians and scientists founded by King Charles II. Gave money to scientists to encourage new ideas

Question 10

What did Edward Jenner make in 1796?

Answer 10

The Smallpox Vaccine/inoculation

Question 11

Give two changes Florence Nightingale made to hospitals

Answer 11

Patients were separated according to their illness, Beds were spaced apart and clean air was allowed to circulate, Strict hygiene rules were enforced, e.g. patients were washed and bedding was changed regularly.

Question 12

What did Louis Pasteur & Robert Koch discover?

Answer 12

Pasteur- Germ Theory

Koch- difference germs cause different diseases

Question 13

What did Lister & Simpson discover? (must be right way round)

Answer 13

Lister - Carbolic Acid

Simpson - Chloroform

Question 14

What did John Snow prove in 1854?

Answer 14

Dirty water causes Cholera

Question 15

Why was the Second Public Health Act (1875) more effective than the first (1848)?

Answer 15

It forced councils to provide clean drinking water & aimed to encourage the building of sewers

Question 16

What did Alexander Fleming discover in 1928?

Answer 16

Penicillin

Question 17

Who developed Fleming’s discovery and made it into a usable drug?

Answer 17

Florey & Chain

Question 18

What did Crick & Watson discover in 1953?

Answer 18

DNA

Question 19

In which year was the NHS established and by whom?

Answer 19

1948, Aneurin or Nye Beavan

Question 20

Name two modern public health campaigns

Answer 20

Vaccination campaigns eg, MMR, Five a Day

Question 21

Name two battles of WWI

Answer 21

Ypres 1,2,3 Arras, Somme, Passchendaele

Question 22

Name the three main lines of trenches on the Western front

Answer 22

Front line, support/reserve, communication

Question 23

Name three health problems soldiers in the trenches commonly suffered from

Answer 23

Trench Foot, Trench Fever, Shell Shock

Question 24

How did gas attacks impact upon most soldiers?

Answer 24

Rarely causes death, lung problems, temporary blindness

Question 25

What was the Thomas Splint used to treat?

Answer 25

Used to treat femur fractures

Question 26

What is meant by aseptic surgery?

Answer 26

Surgical instruments were steam-sterilised and surgeons started wearing sterilised gowns, rubber gloves and face masks to further reduce the risk of infection.

Question 27

Give two parts of the chain of evacuation on the Western Front

Answer 27

Stretcher bearers, Triage, Casualty Clearing Station, Motor ambulance, hospital train, field hospital, base hospital

Question 28

How did doctors make it so that blood could be stored for longer?

Answer 28

Adding Sodium Citrate allowed blood to be stored for longer. Blood was stored in glass bottles at a blood bank and used to treat wounded soldiers.
Refrigeration
Cambrai blood bank

Question 29

What are the R.A.M.C. and F.A.N.Y.?

Answer 29

The Royal Army Medical Corps, First Aid Nursing Yeomanry

Question 30

What did Harold Gillies pioneer?

Answer 30

The tubed pedicle plastic surgery technique

Question 31

Why was infection such a big problem on the Western Front?

Answer 31

Manure in the soil could very easily get into wounds and cause gangrene

Question 32

Give three types of source which you could use to ‘follow up’ a source provided