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Biology > Medicine and Disease > Flashcards

Medicine and Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Micro-organisms that cause disease

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2
Q

What is a microorganism?

A

An organism too small to be seen be the naked eye

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3
Q

What are communicable diseases?

A

Diseases caused by pathogens that are passed from one person to another

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4
Q

What are non-communicable diseases?

A

Diseases cause by pathogens that cannot be passed from one person to another

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5
Q

Apart from disease, what three factors can affect health?

A

Lifestyle, life experience and genetic disposition

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6
Q

where do bacteria and viruses reproduce?

A

Inside you body

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7
Q

Where in your body do viruses live and reproduce?

A

Inside your cells

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8
Q

Name three viral diseases

A

AIDS/HIVS, Measles, Tobacco Mosaic Virus

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9
Q

What part of the body does HIV affect?

A

The immune system

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10
Q

What are the initial symptoms of HIV?

A

A flu-like illness

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11
Q

How is HIV spread?

A

by sexual contact or exchange of body fluids

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12
Q

What is a toxin?

A

A poison

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13
Q

Why do bacteria make you feel ill?

A

They produce toxins

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14
Q

Name 2 bacterial diseases

A

Salmonella, Gonorrhoea

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15
Q

How is HIV prevented?

A

Using condoms, not sharing needles

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16
Q

What type of disease does salmonella cause?

A

Food poisoning

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of salmonella?

A

Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea

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18
Q

How is salmonella prevented?

A

Cooking Chicken well and by vaccinating chickens

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19
Q

What is fungus?

A

An organism made of cells which are neither animal or plant cells

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20
Q

Name a fungal disease

A

Rose black spot

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of rose black spot?

A

Purple or black spots on leaves, which turn yellow and fall off early

22
Q

How is black rose spot spread?

A

By water or wind

23
Q

How is rose black spot prevented?

A

Use a fungicide or remove infected leaves

24
Q

What are protists?

A

A type of single celled organism

25
Q

What diseases do protists cause?

A

Malaria

26
Q

What does malaria cause?

A

Reoccurring episodes of fever and death

27
Q

What is a vector?

A

An animals that can carry a pathogen between infected individuals

28
Q

What are vectors involved in spreading malaria?

A

Mosquitos

29
Q

How is the spread of malaria prevented?

A

By preventing mosquitos from breeding and by using mosquitos nets to avoid being bitten

30
Q

What are painkillers?

A

Medicine that stop pain from diseases

31
Q

Give examples of painkillers

A

Aspirin and paracetamol

32
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

Medicines that kill bacteria

33
Q

How do antibiotics kill bacteria?

A

Damage the bacterial cell without harming human cells

34
Q

Give example of antibiotics

A

Penicillin

35
Q

Can antibiotics kill viruses?

A

No

36
Q

Where were drugs traditionally extracted from?

A

Plants and microorganisms such as mould

37
Q

Who discovered penicillin?

A

Alexander Flemming

38
Q

What is the source of penicillin?

A

Penicillin mould

39
Q

How are new drugs made?

A

Synthesised by chemists from extracts from a plant or microorganism

40
Q

Two benefits of using synthetic forms of drugs rather than plant/ microorganism

A

Can be mass-produces, easily modified

41
Q

What drug is extracted from the foxglove plant?

A

Digitalis

42
Q

What is digitalis used for?

A

Strengthen the heart beat

43
Q

Why do new medical treatments need to be extensively tested?

A

To ensure the treatment works well and is safe

44
Q

What 4 factors make good medicine?

A

Effective, safe, stable and easily removed from body

45
Q

What 3 things are new medical drugs tested for?

A

Efficacy, toxicity and dosage

46
Q

What is efficacy?

A

How well the medicine works

47
Q

What is preclinical testing?

A

Testing in a lab

48
Q

What 3 things can preclinical tests can be carried out on?

A

Cells, tissues and live animals

49
Q

What are clinical trials?

A

Tests using healthy volunteers and patients

50
Q

What is a placebo?

A

A substance that does not contain the drug

51
Q

What are double blind trials?

A

When the doctor nor patient know who received the real drug or placebo

Biology (7 decks)

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