Meiosis & Genetics

Question 1

How many chromosomes does the human body have?

Answer 1

46.

Question 2

What is fertilization?

Answer 2

The process in which a haploid gamete joins with another haploid gamete, fuse together.

Question 3

What is crossing over? When does it occur?

Answer 3

When a section of a chromosome changes place with a section of its homologous chromosome. It happens during prophase I.

Question 4

How many chromosomes are in a gamete?

Answer 4

23

Question 5

What does n represent?

Answer 5

The number of haploids in a chromosome.

Question 6

What does 2n represent?

Answer 6

The number of diploid sets in a chromosome.

Question 7

When are the sister chromatids pulled apart?

Answer 7

During Anaphase II.

Question 8

What is another word for gametes? Where do they com from and what is their funtion?

Answer 8

Gametes, otherwise know as sex cells, are an organism’s reproductive cells. These would be know as sperm cells for the male, and ovaries for the female. They are haploid cells and carry a copy of each chromosome.

Question 9

What processes do gametes go through after being fertilized? Why? When?

Answer 9

During sex reproduction, the two gametes will fuse to created a fertilized egg. The fertilized egg then undergoes mitoses to create an new specimen from the two gametes.

Question 10

What is the difference between Meiosis and Mitoses.

Answer 10

Meiosis is the cycle where a diploid cell (2n)(46) undergoes meiosis I, creating two haploid cells (n)(23). Both the haploid cells will then split into two haploid cells, meiosis II. All four of the cells carry different genetic information, both of them are either from your mother or your father. Mitoses is when a diploid cell, already fused with the games of your mother and father (46 chromosomes in total), it splits in two. Both of the diploid cells have the same genetic information as the original. The two cells will the go through interface again, creating more replicas.

Question 11

Define somatic cells.

Answer 11

Somatic cells are cells that make up the bulk of an individual’s body.

Question 12

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 12

Chromosomes from each parents (a set) that are similar to each other and have the same shape and size.

Question 13

What happens during interphase?

Answer 13

The cycle of a cell where a cell grows and makes copies of the DNA.

Question 14

What are sister chromaits?

Answer 14

They are two halves of a duplicated chromosomes.

Question 15

What are the stages of Meiosis? What are their functions?

Answer 15

Meiosis has four stages: Prophase, metaphse, anapahse, and telephase. Prophase is where deduction revision occurs. Metaphase is where the cells align at the equator and begin separation into two daughter cells. Anaphase is when the replicated chromosomes split into are moved to the opposite poles of the cells, newly-copied. Telophase, the last stage, is where chromatids/chromosomes move to the opposite ends of the cell. Two nuclei are formed because of it.

Question 16

What is not a part of Meiosis? Why?

Answer 16

Interphase. The reason because the cell needs to undergo interphase before entering meiosis.

Question 17

Why does crossing over occur only during prophase I?

Answer 17

Crossing over can only occur during homologous chromosomes because after meiosis I, they become haploid. Due to this, it isn’t possible for crossing over to occur when the chromosomes aren’t homologous.

Question 18

In what cell does Meiosis occur?

Answer 18

Only in reproductive cells, because the goal would be to create gametes that would be used in fertilization.

Question 19

What are the stages of mitosis? What are their functions

Answer 19

Prophase is the first stage. In this stage, the spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers all come together to form a spindle apparatus. The spindle apparatus then attaches to each of the sister chromatis before cell division. It organizes and moves chromosomes before cell division. Metaphse is where the sister chromatis are pulled apart along the spindle apparatus towards the center of the cell, they line up in the middle. Anaphase is where the chromatids are pulled apart and the chromosomes move toward the poles of the cell. The last stage of mitosis is Telophase. In this stage, chromosomes arrive at the poles and begin to decondense. Two nuclear membranes begin to form and the nucleoli reappear, the spindle apparatus disassembles.

Question 20

What is cytokineses?

Answer 20

After the daughter nuclei, the cells undergo cytokineses. In animals, microfilaments constrict/pinch off to form two cells. In plants, a new structure forms between the two daughter nuclei.

Question 21

Define spindle apparatus.

Answer 21

A network of microtubules that are formed during prophase.

Question 22

What the benefits of mitosis?

Answer 22

It increases the number of cells in a multicellular organism as it grows. It also replaces damaged cells.

Question 23

What is the goal of mitosis?

Answer 23

To separate the cell´s replicated DNA

Question 24

What is the goal of meiosis?

Answer 24

To create gametes with half the genetic information as its parent cell.

Question 25

What is the overall purpose of meiosis?

Answer 25

To create gametes (sex cells) since they are an important part in Meiosis.

Question 26

What occurs during meiosis II?

Answer 26

The separation of sister chromatids to form four haploid gametes.

Question 27

What occurs during meiosis I?

Answer 27

Homologous chromosomes separate.

Question 28

How many cell divisions occur during meiosis?

Answer 28

2