meiosis/mitosis review sheet

Question 1

somatic cells

Answer 1

cells that make up most body tissue

Question 2

gametes/germ cells

Answer 2

sex cells that are passed on to children

Question 3

diploid cells

Answer 3

a cell with two copies of each chromosome (mitosis occurs in these cells)

Question 4

haploid cells

Answer 4

a cell containing only one set of chromosomes (result of meiosis)

Question 5

what are the phases of meiosis?

Answer 5

Meiosis 1: prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, cytokenesis 1

Meiosis 2: prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2, cytokenesis 2

Question 6

sexual reproduction

Answer 6

two parents produce diverse offspring

Question 7

asexual reproduction

Answer 7

single parent produces identical offspring

Question 8

binary fission

Answer 8

prokaryotic single celled parent divides into two parts

Question 9

what are the phases of mitosis ?

Answer 9

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis

Question 10

gametogenesis

Answer 10

gametogenesis is the production of gametes (egg and sperm). Once the haploid cells are formed in meiosis they have to change to become mature sex cells. Stages of gametogenesis differ from egg and sperm.

Question 11

independent assortment

Answer 11

ONLY IN MEIOSIS happens during metaphase. It is when homologous chromosomes randomly line up in the middle of a cell (23 pairs on each side). Lining up in random order leads to genetic variation

Question 12

crossing over

Answer 12

ONLY IN MEIOSIS happens in prophase. Nuclear membrane breaks down centrioles begin to move to poles. Spindle fibers from and duplicated chromosomes condense homologous chromosomes begin to pair. CROSSING OVER when portions of a chromatid on one homologous chromosomes are broken and exchanged with the cooresponding on one of the chromatids.

Question 13

difference between meiosis and mitosis

Answer 13

meiosis: 2 cell divisions, results in haploid cells, homologous chromosomes, HAS gametogenesis and purpose of sexual reproduction. Pair up along the cell.
mitosis: 1 cell division, diploid cells, homologous chromosomes, DOES NOT have gametogenesis and purpose of growth and repair, Never pairs up.

Question 14

polar bodies

Answer 14

non egg cells (made during egg production in gametogenesis) are polar bodies and eventually break down

Question 15

sperm formation

Answer 15

• after meiosis in males
• DNA is slightly packed and lots of cytoplasm is lost
• flagella formed
• gives DNA to embryo

Question 16

egg formation

Answer 16

• after meiosis in females

- only ONE cell at the end of meiosis becomes an egg

Question 17

point mutation

Answer 17

is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from DNA/RNA sequence

Question 18

the cell cycle

Answer 18

the life cycle of the cell

• interphase:
  
  • G1
  • S (synthesis) - DNA replication
  • G2
• mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 19

cancer

Answer 19

uncontrolled cell division

Question 20

tumor

Answer 20

disorganized clumps of cells

Question 21

apoptosis

Answer 21

programmed cell death

Question 22

benign tumor

Answer 22

cells do not spread

Question 23

malignant tumor

Answer 23

cells do spread

Question 24

carcinogen

Answer 24

cancer causing agent