Membranes And Cell Organelles Flashcards
What are prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic Cells. Bacteria are examples of the prokaryotic cell type. In general, prokaryotic cells are those that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus.
What is a plasma membrane of a cell?
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells.
What is cytosol?
Is the fluid in which organelles of the cell reside. This is often confused with cytoplasm, which is the space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
Define mitochondria
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? Explain the difference between the rough and smooth ER.
The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle found in cells that helps with protein synthesis. The difference between rough and smooth is that the rough ER has ribosomes attached to it.
What is the nucleus?
A dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
What are eukaryotic cells?
A eukaryote is any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes.
What are ribosomes and their functions?
Ribosomes are a cell structure that crest proteins.
What are lysosomes and their function?
Lysosomes are organelles found in most animal cells that break down most bio molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus also known as the Golgi body is an organelle found in most eukaryote cells and packages proteins into vesicles before the vesicles are sent to their destination.
What is a vacuole and it’s function?
A vacuole is a membrane bound organelle present in animal and plant cells. Vacuoles are essentially enclosed compartments which are filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules.
What is the nucleolus and its function?
The nucleolus is an organelle within the nucleus that’s main function is to rewrite ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and combine it with proteins. This results in the formation of incomplete ribosomes.
What is amyloplast and its function?
It is an organelle in some plant cells that stores starch.
What does ATP mean? And what is it?
ATP is short for adenosine triphosphate, it is a high-energy molecule used for energy storage by organisms.
What is the cell membrane and its function?
The cell membrane is a thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell, the cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking out others.
