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AP > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Badderly

A

Turned short-term memory into long-term memory.

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2
Q

3 stage model

A

Stimuli (touch etc) > Sensory memory > Working LTM storage

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3
Q

Sensory

A

Less/lasts than 1 second then fades.

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4
Q

Working memory

A

Lasts 20-30 secs. Can increase rehearsal.

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5
Q

Long term

A

Over 30 secs. Capacity is unlimited. Encoded info.

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6
Q

Encoding

A

The act of getting information into our memory system through automatic or effortful processing.

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7
Q

Spacing effect

A

Mass practicing (cramming) does not work. Distributed practice (learning pacefully). Testing effect (relearn, reinforce).

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8
Q

Serial processing

A

One process at a time.

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9
Q

Parallel processing

A

Multiple tracks of the brain, process happening at the same time.

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10
Q

Effortful processing

A

Experiences. Occurs at the hippocampus.

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11
Q

Automatic processing

A

Encoded unconsciously. Ex: How to ride a bike. Occurs in the cerebellum.

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12
Q

Retrieving

A

Acts of getting info from your long-term memory.

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13
Q

Cues

A

Connection point to access a memory. Ex: Smells, sounds etc.

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14
Q

Priming

A

Activation of memory associations, sometimes unconsciously. (Previous exposure may influence future thoughts or behavior.)

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15
Q

Forgetting

A

How we forget: encoding problem, long-term memory decay, retrieval failure.

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16
Q

Ebbinghaus

A

Discovered a learning curve.

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17
Q

Retrieval failure

A

Long-term memory not accessible.

18
Q

Prospective memory

A

Has something to do with the future. Assisted with retrieval cues.

19
Q

Interference

A

Some info blocking recall of other info.

20
Q

Proactive

A

Info disrupts learning new information.

21
Q

Retroactive

A

New learning disrupts really old info.

22
Q

Amnesia

A

Temp or permanent loss of memory.

23
Q

Retrograde

A

Inability to remember past info. Can still access implicit memories. Ex: Jason Bourne.

24
Q

Anterograde

A

Inability to form new memories, due to damage in the hippocampus.

25
Q

Flashbulb memories

A

Very clear memories with high emotions. Ex: Your first kiss.

26
Q

Context dependent memory

A

Revisiting the location of an experience serves as one. Ex: Losing your car and not remembering where.

27
Q

State dependent memory

A

What we remember in one state could be remembered better the next time in that state. Ex: If you learned something drunk, you’ll have a higher chance of remembering the next time you’re drunk.

28
Q

Recall

A

act of retrieving info or events from the past. Ex: Answering a fill in blank test.

29
Q

Recognition

A

Identifying items previously learned. Ex: Taking a multiple choice test.

30
Q

Explicit memory

A

Retention of facts and experiences you may know.

31
Q

Iconic memory

A

Recall images for just a short time before the image goes away

32
Q

Echoic memory

A

auditory stimuli lasts 3-4 seconds

33
Q

Chunking effects

A

Organizing info into meaningful units ect to help us remember it more easily.

34
Q

Mnemonics

A

an idea associated with something known. Ex: Red sign for stop sign.

35
Q

Testing effect

A

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than rereading info.

36
Q

Shallow processing

A

Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words. Ex: Copying notes word for word.

37
Q

Deep processing

A

Processing information with consideration to it’s meaning.

38
Q

Semantic memory

A

Explicit memory of facts and general knowledge.

39
Q

Episodic memory

A

Explicit memory of personally experienced events.

40
Q

Mood-Congruent memory

A

Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood.

41
Q

Serial position effect

A

Our tendency to recall best the last and first.

42
Q

Elaborative encoding

A

new information is made memorable in order to recall it easier. Ex: The word Red makes you think firetruck.

AP (12 decks)

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