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Biology > Mendell > Flashcards

Mendell Flashcards

1
Q

What is a true bred parent?

A

A an organism that has produced the same trait over many generations (ex: through self fertilizing)

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2
Q

Genotype vs phenotype?

A

Phenotype: physical appearance
Gneotype: genetic makeup

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3
Q

What is the resulting genotype and phenotype of heterogenous

A
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4
Q

Testcross meaning

A

Breeding the mystery individual to a homozygous recessive. If only some of the offspring displays recessive phenotype, the mystery parent must be heterozygous

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5
Q

Do the allelles for one character assort gametes dependently or independently for the allelles for a different character?

A

Independantly

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6
Q

What is a progeny?

A

Offspring or descendants

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7
Q

What would progeny be from a cross between a heterozygous inflated green pod plant (IiGg) and homozygous recessive constricted yellow pod plant (iigg)? (LC question)

A
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8
Q

What is a pedigree?

A

A chart that shows the inheritance of a trait (specifically a disease) over many generations

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9
Q

Does whether a trait is dominant or recessive relate to the frequency in the population?

A

No

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10
Q

What are genes? Give an example

A

Unit of heredity, made up of DNA (ex: flower color)

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11
Q

What are alleles?

A

Variants of genes, typically occur in pairs (ex: Aa)

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12
Q

What is a trait? Give an example

A

The different varients for a character, ex: purple or white

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13
Q

Who is Mendell?

A

A monk who discovered inheritance patterns

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14
Q

What did Mendell do?

A

Created a theory of inheritance, discovered completely dominant and recessive genes

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15
Q

What are genes? Give an example

A

Units of heredity, made up of DNA

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16
Q

What is a character? Give an example

A

A heritable feature that varies among individuals

17
Q

What is the law of independent assortment

A

Each pair of alleles segregates independently

18
Q

What is a monohybrid cross. Give an example

A

A monohybrid cross is any cross involving just one gene. For example, a monohybrid cross would use only one characteristic from Mendel’s pea plants (e.g. pea color) or look for a single inherited disease in humans (e.g. Huntington’s disease). Monohybrid crosses can be summarized as. Aa x aa.

19
Q

What is a dihybrid cross. Give an example

A

Dihybrid cross is a cross between two individuals with two observed traits that are controlled by two distinct genes

20
Q

How many alleles does each gamete have

A

1 allelle for a gene

21
Q

What are levels of degrees of dominance?

A

When Elio’s aren’t always completely dominant over each other. Resulting indifferent phenotype from other alleles

22
Q

What are the levels of degrees of dominance

A

Complete dominance incomplete dominance and codominance

23
Q

Alleles for human blood are an example of what type of complex inheritance pattern?

A

Multiple alleles, when more than two alleles exist for one gene

24
Q

What is pleitropy, give an example.

A

When one gene has multiple phenotypic effects, ex: one gene determines flower color and Seed color.

25
Q

What is epistasis

A
26
Q

Main types of genetically inherited disorders?

A

Dominantly inherited recessively inherited and multi- factorial inherited

27
Q

What is albinism and what type of disorder is it

A

recessive genetic disorder that leads to a person having less recessive genetic disorder that leads to a person having less melanin in their body

28
Q

What is cystic fibrosis

A

a recessively inherited disease

29
Q

What is the dominantly genetic disorder

A

Disorders inherited one only one of the disorders inherited one only one of the alleles is present

30
Q

What is Huntington’s disease

A

a degenerative disease of the nervous system with no obvious effects until 35 to 45 years old then it becomes fatal

31
Q

What is dwarfism. What type of disorder is it?

A

Dominantly inherited

32
Q

What is a multi-factorial disease and give an example.

A

Wanted to see he’s going to occur because of genetic and environmental influence such as health lifestyle, etc. for example cancer and Alzheimer’s.

33
Q

What type of tests are done for identifying carriers of diseases. How do they work?

A
34
Q

Polygenic meaning

A
35
Q

Blood types is an example of what type of dominance?

A

Codominance

36
Q
A

Biology (19 decks)

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