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Neuro > Meningitis > Flashcards

Meningitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is meningitis

A

Infective and non-infective inflammation of the meninges

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2
Q

What are the bacterial causes of meningitis

A

S. Pneumoniae
N. Mengitidis
H. Influenzae (children)
Listeria
S. Agalectiae

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3
Q

What are the viral causes of meningitis

A 
Enteroviruses
-Coxsackie A/B
-Polio
HSV2
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4
Q

What are the non-infective causes of meningitis

A 
Malignancy
NSAIDs
Sarcoidosis
SLE
Behcet's
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5
Q

What are the presentations of meningitis

A 
Meningism
-Headache
-Stiff neck
-Photophobia
Kerrigs Sx
Brudzinski reflex
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6
Q

What are the investigations for bacterial meningitis

A 
Bloods
ABG
Blood culture
CT head
Lumbar puncture and CSF analysis
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7
Q

Why would you do a lumbar puncture (L3/4) for Meningitis

A

Check the CSF macroscopically and then send for microscopy

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8
Q

What might the CSF look like in bacterial meningitis

A 
Cloudy
Neutrophilia
Culture positive
Raised Protein
Low glucose (<50%)
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9
Q

What might the CSF look like in viral meningitis

A 
Clear/Turbid
Lymphocytosis
Culture negative
Normal protein
Raised glucose
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10
Q

What might the CSF look like in TB meningitis

A 
Cloudy with fibrin
Lymphocytosis
High protein
Low glucose
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11
Q

What are the complications of Meningitis

A 
Septic shock
DIC
Coma
Seizure
Death
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12
Q

What is Meningism

A

Headache
Stiff neck
Photophobia

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13
Q

How would bacterial meningitis be treated

A

Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime w/ steroids

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14
Q

How would bacterial meningitis by Listeria be treated

A

Amoxicillin

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15
Q

In GP, If a patient presents with non blanching rash, what is the protocol

A

Suspect meningococcal septicemia
IM Benzylpencillin
Urgent Hospital referral

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16
Q

What are the main complications of Meningitis

A 
Meningococcal septicemia (DIC)
Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome (Adrenal insufficiency by hemorrhage)
17
Q

What is the most common bacteria causing meningitis in neonates

A

Group B Alpha (S Agalactae)
Listeria
E Coli
S Pneumonia

18
Q

What is the most common bacteria causing meningitis in infants

A

S Pneumo
N Meningitidis

N Meningitis

19
Q

What is the most common bacteria causing meningitis in adults

A

S Pneumo
N Meningitidis

N Meningitis

20
Q

What is the most common bacteria causing meningitis in elderly

A

S Pneumo
N Meningitis
Listeria (Cheese)

21
Q

Where is listeria typically found

A

Soft cheese

22
Q

What is the most common meningitis causing organism found in pregnant women

A

Gram positive Listeria

23
Q

What is Meningism

A

Haedache
Photophobia
Stiff neck

24
Q

What are the 2 main meningitis clinical signs

A

Kernig
Brudzinski

25
Q

At what level is lumbar puncture done in meningitis

A

L3/L4

26
Q

Cloudy with a fibrin web on lumbar puncture suggests what meningitis

A

Fungal/TB

27
Q

In what type of meningitis is protein level found normal/ Glucose is raised on LP

A

Viral

28
Q

Why is there low glucose found in lumbar puncture for bacterial and TB meningitis

A

Aerobic organisms use up glucose and turn the fluid cloudy

29
Q

What are the two gram positive diplococcus most commonly found on Meningitis

A

S Pneumoniae
S Agalectiae

30
Q

What type of bacteria is N Meninigitidsis

A

Gram negative Diplococcus

31
Q

What vaccine protects agasint N Meniningitidis

A

Men B/C
ACWY

32
Q

What vaccine protects against S Pneumoniae

A

PCV Vaccine

33
Q

Where does S Agalacteiae colonise

A

Maternal flora

34
Q

Give 4 risk factors for meningitis

A

Immunocompromised
Crowding
Extreme ages
Not vaccinated

Neuro (27 decks)

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