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BPK 140 > Mental health > Flashcards

Mental health Flashcards

1
Q

psychological health

A

Mental health, defined either negatively as the absence of illness or positively as the presence of wellness.

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2
Q

self-actualization

A

The highest level of growth in Maslow’s hierarchy.

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3
Q

self-concept

A

The ideas, feelings, and perceptions people have about themselves; also called self-image.

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4
Q

self-esteem

A

Satisfaction and confidence in yourself; the valuing of yourself as a person.

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5
Q

autonomy

A

Independence; the sense of being self-directed.

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6
Q

inner-directed

A

Guided in behaviour by an inner set of rules and values.

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7
Q

other-directed

A

Guided in behaviour by the values and expectations of others.

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8
Q

authenticity

A

Genuineness.

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9
Q

normality

A

The psychological characteristics attributed to the majority of people in a population at a given time.

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10
Q

identity crisis

A

Internal confusion about who you are.

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11
Q

values

A

Criteria for judging what is good and bad, which underlie a person’s moral decisions and behaviour.

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12
Q

cognitive distortions

A

Patterns of negative thinking that make events seem worse than they are.

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13
Q

self-talk

A

The statements that people make to themselves.

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14
Q

defence mechanisms

A

Mental devices for coping with conflict or anxiety.

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15
Q

assertiveness

A

Expression that is confident and direct but not hostile.

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16
Q

anxiety

A

A feeling of fear that is not directed toward any definite threat.

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17
Q

simple (specific) phobia

A

A persistent and excessive fear of a specific object, activity, or situation.

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18
Q

social phobia

A

An excessive fear of being observed in public; speaking in public is the most common example.

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19
Q

panic disorder

A

A syndrome of severe anxiety attacks accompanied by physical symptoms.

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20
Q

agoraphobia

A

An anxiety disorder characterized by fear of being alone and away from help, and avoidance of many different places and situations; in extreme cases, it results in a fear of leaving home.

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21
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry about all kinds of things and anxiety in many situations.

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22
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

An anxiety disorder characterized by uncontrollable, recurring thoughts and the performing of irrational rituals.

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23
Q

obsessions

A

Recurrent, irrational, unwanted thoughts or impulses.

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24
Q

compulsions

A

Irrational, repetitive, forced actions, usually associated with an obsession.

25
Q

behavioural addiction

A

An activity or a behaviour that is maladaptive and persistent despite the negative consequences.

26
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

An anxiety disorder characterized by reliving traumatic events through dreams, flashbacks, and hallucinations.

27
Q

mood disorder

A

An emotional disturbance that is intense and persistent enough to affect normal function; two common types of mood disorders are depression and bipolar disorder.

28
Q

depression

A

A mood disorder characterized by loss of interest, sadness, hopelessness, loss of appetite, disturbed sleep, and other physical symptoms.

29
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

The use of electric shock to induce brief, generalized seizures; used in the treatment of selected psychological disorders.

30
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

A mood disorder characterized by seasonal depression, usually occurring in winter, when there is less daylight.

31
Q

mania

A

A mood disorder characterized by excessive elation, irritability, talkativeness, inflated self-esteem, and expansiveness.

32
Q

bipolar disorder

A

A mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania.

33
Q

schizophrenia

A

A psychological disorder that involves a disturbance in thinking and in perceiving reality.

34
Q

placebo

A

A chemically inactive substance that a patient believes is an effective medical therapy for their condition. To help evaluate a therapy, medical researchers compare the effects of a particular therapy with the effects of a placebo. The placebo effect occurs when a patient responds to a placebo as if it were an active drug.

35
Q

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

A disorder characterized by persistent, pervasive problems with inattention or hyperactivity, or both, to a degree that is considered inappropriate for a person’s developmental stage and that causes significant difficulties in school, work, or relationships.

36
Q

stimulus

A

Anything that causes a response.

37
Q

response

A

A reaction to a stimulus.

38
Q

reinforcement

A

Increasing the future probability of a response by following it with a reward.

39
Q

exposure

A

A therapeutic technique for treating fear in which the subject learns to come into direct contact with a feared situation.

40
Q

health

A

The overall condition of body or mind and the presence or absence of illness or injury.

41
Q

wellness

A

Optimal health and vitality, encompassing all the dimensions of well-being.

42
Q

social determinants of health

A

Factors that influence the health of individuals and groups.

43
Q

risk factors

A

Conditions that increase a person’s chances of disease or injury.

44
Q

health promotion

A

A process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health.

45
Q

The Maslow Pyramid

A

Defined a hierarchy of needs in
order of decreasing importance
* Physiological needs
* Safety
* Being loved
* Maintaining self esteem
* Self-actualization

46
Q

A mental disorder is

A

a persistent disturbance or dysfunction
in behaviour, thoughts or emotions that causes significant
distress or impairment

47
Q

Disorders are now viewed as

A

biological and
environmental causes, defined symptoms, diagnoses and
possible cures

48
Q

Mental Health Disorders in Canada

A

– Anxiety and phobic disorders (~12% of Canadians)
– Panic disorders (~2-4%)
– Obsessive compulsive disorder (~2%)
– Depressive and bipolar (mood) disorders (~15-20%)
– Psychotic disorders (e.g. Schizophrenia; ~1%)
– Suicide (~4,000 each year)

49
Q

Types of Therapists

A

Psychiatrists: Have a medical degree (M.D);
can prescribe drugs
* Psychologists: Have an advanced degree in
psychology (Ph.D.; M.Sc.); can offer
behavioural therapy (e.g. CBT) but not drugs
* Social workers: Training in counselling and
usually licensed and registered
* Counsellors: Various kinds; often, no set
specialized training or licensing required

50
Q

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

A

variety of
techniques that work towards changing negative
patterns of thought and action into positive ones

51
Q

Suicide

A

Second leading cause of death for
those aged 15-34 in Canada
* Often associated with depressive
disorders or major life crises
* Feelings of hopelessness, rejection,
or lack of self-worth
* 3x more likely in men; 6x times
higher among Indigenous youth
* ~15% of Canadian adults report
considering suicide at some point

52
Q

Homeostasis

A

state of dynamic equilibrium

53
Q

Stress

A

Any situation that disrupts homeostasis

54
Q

Stressors

A

shift our body away from homeostasis

55
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

how our body
responds to stress

56
Q

Eustress

A

is positive stress and promotes high-level
functioning

57
Q

Distress

A

is negative stress and decreases
performance

58
Q

Sleep

A

Most adults need 7-9 hours of sleep each night to
stay healthy and perform optimally
* Sleep is an active and dynamic state; individuals
cycle between REM (dreaming) and non-REM
states several times per night

59
Q
A

BPK 140 (6 decks)

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